152 



Phalacrocorax carlo major, Nilss. Skand. Faun. Fogl. ii. p. 515 (1858). 

 Phalacrocorax carlo medius, Nilss. ut supra (1858). 



Bailliare-bodhain, Sgarlh-luill, Gaelic; Grand Cormoran, French; Corvo marinho, Portu- 

 guese ; Cuervo marino, Spanish ; Cormorano, Marangone, Italian ; Margun, Maltese ; 

 Gharrad, Moorish ; Kormoran, Scharle, Wasserrale, German ; Aalscholver, Schollevaar, 

 Dutch ; Kormoran-Skarv, Danish ; Hilling ur, Fseroese ; Okaitsok, Greenlandic ; Skarfr, 

 DilasJcarfr, Icelandic ; Skarv, Aalekraake, Norwegian ; Hafstjdder, Alkraka, Storskarf, 

 Swedish ; Kalakorppa, Haikara, Finnish ; Baklann, Baklann bolchoi, Russian. 



Figuroe notaliles. 



D'Aubenton, PL Enl. 927 ; Werner, Atlas, Palmipedes, pi. 64 ; Kjserb. Orn. Dan. taf. 50, 

 Suppl. taf. 32 ; Frisch, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 187, 188 ; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. taf. 53. figs. 1, 5 ; 

 Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. taf. 279 ; Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl. pi. 55. figs. 1, 2 ; Gould, B. 

 of Eur. pi. 407 ; id. B. of G. Brit. v. pi. 52 ; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pis. 324, 325, 326 ; 

 Temm. & Schl. Fauna Japon. pis. 83, 83 b; Audub. B. of Am. pi. 415. 



Ad. ptil. test, niger viridi-caeruleo nitens : nucha cristata, : colli lateribus striis parvis filamentosis albis ornatis : 

 plaga alba utrinque postoculari descendente, subter gulam conjunctis : dorsi lateribus scapularibus et 

 tectricibus alarum viridi-seneo-fuscis vix griseo tinctis, plumis viridi-uigro marginatis : cauda et remi- 

 gibus nigris vix cinereo tinctis : plaga, hypochondriaca. magna alba : rostro fusco, versus basin flavido- 

 albido : gula, nuda flava, regione ophthalmica nuda viridi-fusca, hide viridi : pedibus nigris. 



Ad. ptil. Mem. plaga, subter gulam albida, capite et collo striis filamentosis numerosis albis ubique ornatis, 

 corpore viridius nitente. 



Adult in summer (Faeroes, 2nd April) . Chin and sides of the head in a broad band skirting the bare part 

 at the base of the bill white, rest of the head, neck, and entire underparts rich glossy purplish black, 

 in some parts with a faint bottle-green tinge; feathers on the hind crown and nape elongated; a pure 

 white patch on each thigh, and a few straggling hair-like white lines still remain on some parts of the 

 upper neck; back, scapulars, and wing-coverts bronze-green with a greyish tinge, margined with 

 greenish black ; a line along the centre of the back, the lower back, and the rump uniformly coloured 

 like the underparts ; tail-feathers black close to the shaft, but otherwise greyish black, the shafts 

 greyish blue at the base and becoming black towards the tip ; quills glossy black with a greyish tinge ; 

 beak dusky brown, but yellowish white at the base; gular sac yellow; bare space round the eye 

 greenish brown; iris grass-green; legs and feet black. Total length about 34 inches, culmen 36, 

 gape 4*1, wing 13'5, tail 7'0, tarsus 2 - 7. 



Adult Female. Kesembles the male, but is somewhat smaller in size. 



Adult Male in winter (Orkney) . Differs from the male in winter in having the band across the throat dull 

 white, the general tinge of colour is rather more of a bottle-green and less of a purplish green, and the 

 head and neck are covered with very slender white filamentous plumelets. 



Young. Upper parts generally dark brown, the feathers on the back narrowly margined with blackish 

 brown and tinged with bronze ; fore part of the neck brownish white marked with dark brown ; under- 



