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PHALACROCORAX AFRICANUS. 



(AFRICAN CORMORANT.) 



African, Shag, Lath. Synopsis, iii. pt. 2, p. 606 (1785). 



Pelecanus africanus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 577 (1788, ex Lath.). 



Halieus pygmceus, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 86 (1823, nee Pall.). 



Phalacrocorax africanus (Gm.), Audouin, Expl. somm. PI. Hist. Nat. de l'Egypte, p. 313 



(1825). 

 Carlo africanus (Gm.), Lesson, Traite d'Orn. p. 604 (1831). 

 Carbo africanoides, Smith, Rep. Exped. Expl. Centr. Afr., App. p. 57(1836). 

 Carlo longicaudus, Swains. B. of W. Afr. ii. p. 255, pi. 31 (1837). 

 Halieus africanus (Gm.), Sund. Phys. Sallsk. Tidsk. i. p. 54 (1838). 

 Graculus africanus (Gm.), Gray, Gen. of B. iii. p. 667 (1849). 

 Phalacrocorax longicaudus (Sw.), Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 102 (1854). 

 Haliwus africanus (Gm.), Bp. Consp. Gen. Av. ii. p. 178 (1857). 

 Graculus coronatus, Wahlb. J. fur Orn. 1857, p. 4. 

 Microcarbo africanus (Gm.), G. R. Gray, Hand-1. of B. iii. p. 129 (1871). 



FiguroB notabiles. 

 Mus. Carls, pi. 61 ; Savigny, Descr. de l'Egypte, pi. 8. fig. 2. 



Ad. capite, collo, dorso centraliter, uropygio, cauda, et corpore subtus nigerrimis viridi nitentibus, fronte 

 cristata : dorsi lateribus, scapularibus et tectricibus alarum griseis nigro apicatis, sed marginibus 

 alarum nitide nigris : remigibus nigris griseo lavatis : rostro flavido, supra brunneo notato : iride 

 coccinea : pedibus nigris. 



Jim. pileo, capitis et colli lateribus et collo postico nigro-fuscis, pallide brunneo mixtis : dorso centraliter 

 nigro pallide brunneo marginato, uropygio nitide nigro : cauda, et alis ut in adulto picturatis sed his 

 sordidioribus, scapularibus et tectricibus alarum sordide fusco-cinereis nigro apicati3 : mento et gula 

 albis, gutture albo pallide brunneo notato : corpore reliquo subtus albo, prater hypochondria et sub- 

 caudales intense nigra. 



Adult in full plumage (Egypt, 2nd May). Head, neck, centre of the back, rump, tail, and entire underparts 

 glossy black with bottle-green reflections ; forehead intermixed with white and furnished with a short 

 crest; sides of the back, scapulars and wing-coverts (except along the ridge of the wing, which is 

 coloured like the back) grey and blackish grey tipped broadly with black ; quills black, washed with 

 grey ; bill yellow, the ridge of the upper mandible brown ; iris carmine-red ; legs black. Total length 

 about 17 inches, culmen 1*5, gape 2"0, wing 7 - 5, tail 6 - 0, tarsus 1*5. 



Young (Egypt, 5th June). Crown, sides of the head and neck and hind neck dark blackish brown inter- 

 mixed with light brown ; fore part and centre of the back black edged with light brown ; rump glossy 

 black ; wings and tail as in the adult, but duller, the scapulars and wing-coverts being dull brownish 



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