195 



places on the north coast. In July 1859, after a gale from the north-west, a male in full 

 breeding-plumage was shot at Marsascirocco. At the end of October and beginning of November 

 1861 several were seen, and two or three shot (young birds)." To this he adds (Ibis, 1865, 

 p. 466) that a Pelican was seen on the Marsa on the 10th June 1865. In Southern Germany it 

 is common on the Lower Danube — but does not now occur in Bohemia, though it is said to have 

 been found there formerly. The late Mr. E. Seidensacher informed me that it has occurred 

 more than once near Cilli, in Styria ; and Messrs. Danford and Harvie-Brown, in their paper 

 on the birds of Transylvania (Ibis, 1875, p. 430) say it is "rare, but has occurred at Hatzeg 

 and at Reps, on the Alt near Hermanstadt, the Maros near Deva, the Kiilkul near Schass- 

 burg, &c. The specimen in the Klausenburg Museum was killed near the town. Boner (in 

 his work, ' Transylvania : its Products and its People'), alluding to the periods of migration, 

 says: — 'At such times the Swan, the Cormorant, and the Pelican have also been seen on the 

 rivers ; and Lieutenant * * * came home once bringing with him seven of the latter that he had 

 shot.' Stetter mentions that eleven were killed in one day at Hermanstadt ; and Herr Otto, 

 that fifteen appeared on the Szamos in June 1864, and remained till the end of the month." 

 In the marshes of the Lower Danube the Roseate Pelican is tolerably common, and quite 

 numerous in some localities. Messrs. Sintenis record it from the Dobrudscha; Mr. Robson 

 obtained it in the Sea of Marmora; and it is recorded from the Black Sea; but I have but 

 meagre data respecting its occurrence in Asia Minor, where, doubtless, it is not rare. It is 

 found in Greece ; Kriiper says that it winters near Athens, and leaves there in the spring. It 

 winters also in the Cyclades and Macedonia; Lord Lilford met with it in Epirus; and I 

 have examined a specimen from Smyrna, in Asia Minor, whence it has also been recorded by 

 Strickland. Canon Tristram does not appear to have met with it in Palestine ; but it is common 

 in North-east Africa. Von Heuglin says that it arrives in Egypt together with Pelecanus crispus, 

 but is, as a rule, less numerous than that species, though in some seasons the contrary may be 

 the case. It ranges further south than Pelecanus crispus, and occurs on the Lower and Central 

 White Nile, and even in Abyssinia, being also, in all probability, found on the Blue Nile. 

 Captain Shelley writes (B. of Egypt, p. 293) : — " This Pelican is very abundant in Egypt and 

 Nubia. On the 20th of April 1870, below Edfoo, we met with an immense flock of several 

 thousands, passing low along the river on their way north ; and although fired at several times, 

 they still kept streaming onwards in one continuous flock, without diverging from their course." 

 In North-west Africa, however, the Roseate Pelican is scarce. Loche states that it is merely an 

 accidental straggler to Algeria. How far south the present species ranges in Africa I cannot 

 say ; but Dr. Hartlaub records its occurrence on the Slave Coast in West Africa, and on the east 

 coast it is said to range south to Mozambique. In South Africa, however, there appears to be, 

 so far as I can judge, a fairly separable smaller form [Pelecanus mitratus, Licht.). Dr. Sclater 

 (P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 264-269) and Mr. Elliot (P. Z. S. 1869, pp. 571-591) have both written 

 articles on the genus Pelecanus, which contain much valuable information. 



Mr. Elliot separates Pelecanus minor, Riipp., from the present species, and unites the 

 former with Pelecanus mitratus, Licht.; but he expresses a doubt (P. Z. S. 1869, p. 581) as to 

 whether it really is specifically separable from Pelecanus onocrotalus, of which, indeed, it can 

 only be regarded as a small though fairly separable race. Von Heuglin, on the other hand, 



