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It has not been met with in Greenland or Iceland ; but Mr. H. C. Miiller obtained a single 

 specimen, a male, in the Faeroes in March 1874. In Scandinavia it occurs up to the Varanger 

 fiord, where, Nordvi says, it has been met with once or twice at Karlebotten ; and Mr. Collett, 

 in his little work on the ornithology of Norway, writes : — " It has been found breeding as far 

 north as the coastal islands between Tromso and Hammerfest, its northern range being in about 

 70°. A young male, shot at Lyngen in May 1872, is preserved in the Tromso Museum. Occurs 

 sporadically in Finmark up to the Russian frontier, and has been frequently observed in the 

 Varangerfjord. Breeds most abundantly in the coastal region south of the Trondhjemsfjord. 

 On Jsederen, a locality in which it occurs in great numbers, it has sometimes been found nesting 

 in stone fences, at a distance of several miles from the sea-shore. On the 6th June 1872, 

 Mr. Landmark discovered a nest here, built beneath the flooring of a barn ; several of the eggs 

 were taken successively ; and the female continued laying till the number had reached nineteen. 

 Mr. Irgens, however, tells me that at Borgevser he has often taken as many as twenty eggs from 

 one nest, and once twenty-eight, all laid by the same bird." Nilsson says that it occurs in 

 Sweden, on the west coast, from Southern Skane up to Nordland, but is most numerous on the 

 coasts of Skane and Bohuslan. On the Baltic coasts it breeds up at least to the coast of Kalmar, 

 and is said to be common on the Jungfrun island there ; but in Sodermanland it is only met 

 with on the spring and autumn passages. It arrives in Skane late in April or early in May, and 

 leaves in August ; and Malmlen states that near Gothenburg it arrives in February or March, 

 and leaves late in September or early in October. 



Dr. Palmen says that it only occurs on the south-western coasts of Finland, and is but rare. 



o 



It has been shot on Aland, and has now and again been obtained in Kokarkapell and Kimitto, 

 Korfo, and Nagu parishes, on the south-west coast. It rarely occurs east of Hango point ; but 

 Ekebom had a female shot in Helsinge parish in May 1842. It has also been once obtained 

 near Wasa. It usually appears late in May, but has arrived as early as the end of April. How 

 late it remains in the autumn Dr. Palmen is unaware ; but it probably leaves in August. In 

 Russia it does not appear to range far north. Sabanaeff says that it probably occurs in the Tula 

 and Tamboff Governments. In the spring it is found in the Ural, in the Ekaterinburg district, 

 up to 56° N. lat. ; and he believes that it nests on the boundaries of the Shadrinsk and Chelia- 

 biansk districts. According to Mr. Taczanowski it is very rare in Poland. There is a male in 

 the Warsaw Museum which was killed on the Pilica ; and he on one occasion saw four of these 

 Ducks on the Vistula. 



Borggreve says that it is tolerably common in summer on the coasts of North Germany, but 

 seldom occurs in the interior of the country. It has once been obtained in Silesia, once on the 

 Elbe, and once on the Oder. Mr. Hermann Schalow, in his notes on the ornithology of Mark 

 Brandenburg (J. f. O. 1876, p. 13), says: — "We have never observed this Duck in this district, 

 but are told, on good authority, that it is found here. Borggreve states that one was observed 

 near Neustadt ; and Dr. Reichenow assures us that he has observed this species in former years, 

 during passage, on the Wannsee, and that the late Dr. Luhder found one egg of this species on 

 the sandy bank of the Holzernen-See, near Konigs Wusterhausen. Dr. Reichenow further 

 informs us that Mr. Walter, who is a careful observer, observed two pairs of this Duck on the 

 Dollensee, near Dollenkrug, in the vicinity of the Reyersdorfer See, Kreis Templin, in 1875. 



