46;) 



January and December ; and a male was killed at the Phalerus on the 19th February, 1867. It 

 is, however, as a rule, a rare species in Greece. Lord Lilford also speaks of it as being very rare 

 at Corfu. In Turkey, however, it is much commoner. Messrs. Elwes and Buckley say (Ibis, 

 1870, p. 339) that they only met with it in the Dobrudscha, where it was very common ; and 

 Dr. Otto Finsch states that it is numerous on the Lower Danube and the smaller rivers of 

 Bulgaria. In Southern Russia it is, Professor von Nordmann states, common, arriving in pairs 

 about the latter end of March, remaining to breed, and leaving again in the autumn. Menetries 

 records it from the Caucasus, where, he states, it is tolerably common between Bakou and 

 Saliane ; and it is said to be common near Smyrna, where Strickland saw it exposed for sale. 

 Canon Tristram met with it in winter near the Dead Sea, in Palestine ; and he also obtained its 

 eggs in May, in a cliff in Northern Galilee, among some Griffons' nests. It inhabits Northern 

 Africa; and Von Heuglin writes (Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 1308) that he " observed it from September 

 to May in Lower Egypt, in flocks of from five to twenty-five individuals, either on the lagoons at 

 the mouth of the Nile or on the ponds and lakes at the edge of the desert, and on the bitter 

 lakes. It is also at times common at Birket el Quarn, in the Fayoom." He adds that he thinks 

 it not improbable that it breeds in the Delta, Fayoom, and the Libyan desert. Captain Shelley 

 met with it on Lake Menzaleh ; and Brehm and Vierthaler state that it is found on the Blue 

 Nile, the correctness of which statement Von Heuglin doubts. In North-west Africa it is 

 recorded by Loche as occurring in Algeria at Boghar, Laghouat, and even in the Sahara ; and 

 Mr. Salvin states that it is numerous in all the salt lakes of the elevated plains. Colonel Irby 

 writes (Orn. Str. Gibr. p. 197) that he has repeatedly seen them exposed for sale in Tangier, and 

 that, according to Favier, " this species is resident at no great distance from Tangier ; some are 

 migratory, crossing to Europe during April and May, returning in September and October. In 

 the immediate vicinity of Tangier it is scarce, and only observed in small lots on the lakes and 

 large rivers. Often they entirely, though irregularly, disappear for months at a time, probably 

 going to marshes not very far off. The months during which they are usually absent are 

 February, March, and June." 



To the eastward this Duck is found as far as China and Japan. Mr. Blanford says that he 

 observed it near Bam and on Shiraz lake, in Southern Persia; De Filippi saw it in North- 

 western Persia ; and Major St. John states that it is very numerous in Southern Persia, where it 

 breeds. In India the present species is very generally distributed, during the winter season, in 

 all parts of the country where suitable localities are found. Mr. A. O. Hume states that in 

 Sindh it is so numerous on the inland waters that he frequently saw fifty in a single day. It 

 does not appear to breed in India proper ; but Dr. Henderson met with it in large numbers in 

 Yarkand, where it breeds commonly. He says (Lahore to Yarkand, p. 296) that it was first 

 noticed at the hot springs above Gokra, at an elevation of 16,000 feet ; there they were seen on 

 small lakes at the salt-plains, and all along the Karakash river. Severtzoff records it as found 

 throughout Turkestan, where it breeds ; and it is stated by Dr. G. Radde (Reis. im Slid, von Ost- 

 Sib. ii. p. 362) to be found on Lake Baikal, but only at the south-western end, and he did not 

 observe it above the island of Olchon. In Southern Transbaikalia, especially in the steppe 

 country, it was not rare. He observed the first at Lake Baikal on the 4th April ; and by the 

 19th September almost all had left. Pere David says that it is tolerably common near Pekin, 



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