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and a few remain on the southern coasts of Norway throughout the winter." In Sweden, 

 Dr. Sundstrom writes, " it is found breeding during the summer season in the northern parts of 

 the country, and breeds on most of the sheets of water in Lapland. It is, however, also met 

 with breeding in many parts of Southern Sweden, as, for instance, in eastern Skane, Blekinge, 

 eastern Smaland, on Oland and Gottland; and specimens have been shot during the summer 

 season on lake Takern, in Ostergothland. During migration it occurs in small flocks, occasionally 

 in company with Widgeon and other Ducks, on the southern coasts of Sweden ; and I have seen 

 and shot it near Malmo, in Skane, in September and October, by laying in wait for it as it flies 

 in the evening from the sea up to the small inland pools. In Sodermanland, where, as elsewhere, 

 it is called ' Spjutand,' it is said to be by no means rare during the two seasons of migration, 

 and in the spring will fly down to stuffed decoy-birds. It occurs here and there in the interior 

 during migration, and has been shot in Nerike in the month of August. During the summer 

 season it is generally met with near fresh water, but not always, as on the 15th of August 1872 I 

 caught a breeding male which had moulted his quills and was unable to fly, on an island far out 



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on the coast of Aland." I met with it throughout Finland, and especially numerous in Ulea Lan, 

 where I found it breeding both near the coast and on the islands off Uleaborg. Von Nordmann 

 writes that it breeds commonly in Karelen ; and I have reason to believe that it also breeds a good 

 deal further south than Uleaborg. It is common near Archangel; and Mr. SabanaefT states that 

 " it principally inhabits the north of Russia, but breeds, though rarely, on the lakes of the Sarpa, 

 in the Governments of Kieff and Charkoff ; and, according to Eversmann, it is tolerably common 

 on the lakes in the Kirghis steppes. It arrives in Central Russia and Perm early in April, but 

 leaves first of all the water-fowl, in September, and even at the end of August. It nests about the 

 end of May, on the edges of the lakes and marshes, and deposits from six to nine eggs." According 

 to Mr. Taczanowski it is " common in Poland during the two seasons of migration ; and a few 

 remain to breed there." Borggreve records it as not uncommon in North Germany. According 

 to Wiepken it breeds in Oldenburg, and it has also been found breeding in the Greifswald and 

 near Danzig. Gloger thinks it doubtful if it ever breeds in Silesia. Borggreve himself observed 

 it during the summer on the Baltic coasts, and breeding, though rare, in Mittel-Oderbruch and 

 on the Krakower lake, in Mecklenburg. Baldamus states that it breeds in Anhalt ; and Mr. 

 A. von Homeyer found several pairs breeding near Liegnitz, on the Kunitzer lake. 



Regarding its occurrence in Denmark Mr. A. Benzon, of Copenhagen, writes as follows : — 

 " Anas acuta, here commonly called Spidsand, Stjertand, or Bumpeand, breeds generally through- 

 out the country ; and I have eggs both from Jutland, Hesselo, and the Cattegat, as also from the 

 southern islands of Moen and Lolland, taken late in May and early in June. According to 

 Miiller it is not rare on the Feeroes; but I have no eggs from there. I have them, however, from 

 Aalesund, in Norway, and Myvatn, in Iceland." In Holland and Belgium it is common during 

 migration ; and Baron von Droste Hulshoff writes that " it occurs on Borkum during migration, 

 leaving, however, in November, and returning in April. A few pair may possibly breed on the 

 mainland." It is found in France only during the winter months, and is especially numerous in 

 the northern provinces in March during its passage. Professor Barboza du Bocage records it as 

 "common" in Portugal; and Lord Lilford, Major Irby, and Mr. Howard Saunders all state that 

 it is not uncommon in Spain during the winter season. In Savoy it is common during the 



