56^) 



Harelda glacialis. Blasius says that it has been known, as an exception, in Brunswick, and in 

 one instance it has bred in the Hiddensee. 



In Denmark, Mr. Collett says, it is very common during the winter, arriving in October and 

 leaving again in March and April ; but stragglers are occasionally seen as late as June, though 

 there does not appear to be any instance of its having been found breeding there. On the coasts 

 of Holland, Belgium, and Northern France it is a regular and numerous autumn and winter 

 visitant, but rarely occurs inland, and is of only occasional occurrence in Provence and elsewhere 

 in the south of France. . Professor Barboza du Bocage includes it in his list of the birds of 

 Portugal with a query ; and its occurrence is rare in Spain. Colonel Irby states that it seldom 

 visits the Straits of Gibraltar, but has been observed in Gibraltar Bay in December. It visits 

 Savoy during severe winters ; but there, as well as in Italy, it is only a rare straggler, being less 

 frequently met with in Southern Italy, and has not been obtained in Sicily. It is rare also in 

 the South of Germany. Dr. Fritsch says that it visits Bohemia in the autumn, and also, though 

 much more seldom, in the spring. In Austria it appears to be rather commoner ; and Messrs- 

 Danford and Harvie-Brown state (Ibis, 1875, p. 429) that in Transylvania it is not rare during 

 passage and in winter. On the Southern Danube I never saw it during the short time I remained 

 in that part of the country ; but Dr. Kriiper says that in the winter season it is not rare in 

 Greece; Messrs. Elwes and Buckley speak of it as being tolerably common in Macedonia. In 

 the Black Sea it is found during winter and on passage, and is not uncommon, Professor von 

 Nordmann says, in the spring and autumn near Odessa. It winters on the coasts of Asia Minor ; 

 and Canon Tristram met with it on the coast of Palestine. It winters numerously in North-east 

 Africa. Von Heuglin says that it is not rare in the winter, and is often seen in large flocks as 

 well as singly, in the lagoons of Lower Egypt. He also observed it near Cairo, in Arabia Petaea, 

 near Djeddah, and saw a pair in Abyssinia in December. Stragglers remain in Lower Egypt as 

 late as the early part of May. On the west side of North Africa it appears to be less numerous. 

 Loche says that it visits the coasts of Algeria in the autumn and winter, and a fine male, now in 

 the Museum at Algiers, was obtained at Lake Halloula ; but Favier does not appear to have met 

 with it in Tangier. 



To the eastward the Scaup is found as far as Japan. It is recorded from the Caspian ; but 

 Dr. Severtzoff did not meet with it in Turkestan, nor Messrs. Blanford and St. John in Persia. 

 Dr. Jerdon, however, says that it visits India, though very rarely, and has hitherto only been 

 recorded from Nepal. 



In Northern Siberia it appears to be common. Von Middendorff met with it commonly 

 breeding on the Boganida, where it did not appear before the 4th (16th) June. In September 

 he shot it on the south coast of the Sea of Ochotsk. Dr. G. Radde, who found it on Lake Baikal, 

 says that it only occurs there in the winter, and those which were seen at that season at the 

 mouth of the Angara were chiefly young birds, old males being entirely wanting. Von Schrenck 

 does not appear to have met with the Scaup. Dr. Dybowski, however, saw and shot it in 

 Darasun on passage, but did not observe it in Kultuk. Swinhoe says that it visits the coasts of 

 China and Formosa in winter; and Mr. Whitely states (Ibis, 1867, p. 208) that specimens were 

 shot in Hakodadi Harbour, Japan, in May 1865. 



On the American continent the Scaup is found both on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. It 



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