577 



Professor Barboza du Bocage speaks of it as being common in Portugal ; and Colonel Irby 

 writes (Orn. Str. Gibr. p. 203) that it is sometimes plentiful in winter on the Laguna de la 

 Janda, in Spain, and is well known in the marismas. He has occasionally met with it in the 

 Bay of Gibraltar. 



In Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia it is common in winter, but does not remain to breed there. 

 Mr. A. B. Brooke, speaking of its presence in Sardinia, writes (Ibis, 1873, p. 344): — "This, I 

 think, is the most numerous of the Anatidse in Sardinia; they are to be seen sitting by hundreds 

 on all the stagnos, generally mixed up with Mallards, Pochards, common Teal, Garganeys, 

 Pintails, Gadwalls, Coots, &c, with occasionally a single Erismatura leucocephala bobbing up 

 and clown with his white shining head in the middle." And Mr. C. Bygrave Wharton (Ibis, 1876, 

 p. 28) found it in thousands on the east coast of Corsica in winter, numbers being there still as 

 late as the end of April ; but he saw none on the west coast. In Malta, however, it is of very 

 rare occurrence in the winter. " One of these rare Ducks," Mr. Wright writes (Ibis, 1874, 

 p. 240), " a fine male, was noticed in the market on the 19th November 1873, by Captain Feilden. 

 The winter of 1873-74 has been remarkable for the large number of Woodcock, Duck, and Teal 

 that have been taken here during the time of migration." 



The Tufted Duck is very generally met with throughout Southern Germany on passage ; but 

 I do not believe that it has ever been found breeding there. Dr. Fritsch records it from 

 Bohemia, Seidensacher from Styria, Harvie-Brown and Danford from Transylvania, Von Tschusi- 

 Schmidhofen from Austria ; and it is said to occur on the Lower Danube and in Turkey. 

 Dr. Kriiper says that it is not rare in Greece in winter ; and Lord Lilford found it numerous in 

 the Ionian Islands at the same season of the year. 



In Asia Minor it is a tolerably regular winter visitant. Canon Tristram met with it in 

 Palestine ; and it is found in North Africa, being, Captain Shelley writes, most plentiful in Lower 

 Egypt and the Fayoom, where he has frequently shot specimens. According to Von Heuglin it 

 visits the Lower and Central Nile in autumn, winter, and spring, ranging south to Nubia. He 

 met with it at Adowa, in Eastern Abyssinia, in December. Blanford, curiously enough, saw 

 pairs on Lake Ashangi, in Abyssinia, in May. In North-west Africa it is also common. Loche 

 and other naturalists speak of it as being a winter visitant to Algeria ; and Mr. Salvin met with 

 it numerously on the Lake of Bizerta in March. Near Tangier, according to Favier {fide Irby, 

 I. c), it is very abundant in some years, arriving in November and leaving for the north in 

 February. In some seasons this Duck is not seen; but it was common in the winters of 1845, 

 1846, 1849, 1850, 1858, and 1861. 



In Asia it is met with as far east as Japan. Mr. Hume came across it in Sindh, where, how- 

 ever, it was less common than most of the other Ducks. Dr. Jerdon says (B. of India, ii. p. 815), 

 it is " very common in Central and Southern India, but less so in Bengal. It frequents open 

 tanks, keeping well away from the edges, and is generally found in small or moderately sized 

 parties. It is very late in leaving India ; and I once killed one in June, near Hyderabad, in the 

 Deccan." In Western India, according to Mr. Hayes Lloyd, it is not rare near Kattiawar ; and he 

 shot many in the neighbourhood of Baolee. 



In Siberia it is common and generally distributed. Von Middendorff met with it in the 

 Stanowoi Mountains ; Dr. Schrenck found it very numerous on the Amoor, where it arrived about 



