60 r> 



CLANGULA ISLANDICA. 



(BARROW'S GOLDEN-EYE.) 



Anas clangula, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 416, pi. xxxvii. fig. 2 (1760). 



Iceland Duck, Lath. Synops. iii. p. 545. no. 83 (1785). 



Anas islandica, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 541 (1788, ex Lath.). 



Clangula barrovii, Swains. Faun. Bor. Am. p. 456 (1831). 



Clangula scapularis, C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutshl. p. 932 (1831). 



Fuligula barrowii (Swains.), Nutt. Orn. U. S. and Canada, ii. p. 444 (1834). 



Platypus barrowii (Sw.), Beinh. (senior) K. Dansk. Selsk. Naturvid. Afh. 1838, p. 103. 



Anas barrovoii (Swains.), Temm. Man. d'Orn. iv. p. 551 (1840). 



Glaucion islandicum (Gra.), Keys. & Bias. Wirbelth. Eur. p. 86 (1840). 



Clangula islandica (Gm.), Bp. Ucc. Eur. p. 74 (1842). 



Bucepliala islandica (Gm.), Baird, B. of N. Am. p. 796 (1858). 



Fuligula islandica (Gm.), Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Anseres, p. 21 (1866). 



Niakortok, Kcertlutorpiarsuk, Greenlandic ; Husond, Icelandic. 



Figure notabiles. 

 Kjaerb. Danm. Fugl. Suppl. taf. 8 ; Swains. Faun. Bor. Am. pi. 70 ; Gould, B. of Europe, 

 pi. 380; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. pi. 317. 



<3 ad. Clangula glaucioni similis sed major, capite magis purpureo tincto, ante oculum plaga magna semilunata 

 alba, scapularibus maculis ampfioribus et magis rotundatis albis notatis, plaga alari alba stria, magna 

 nigra, segregate, rostro saturate plumbeo, iride flava, pedibus sordide flavidis. 



$ ad. Clangula glaucioni similis sed major, rostro robustiore et alis minus albo notatis. 



Adult Male (Bay of Fundy, winter of 1866). Resembles Clangula glaucion, but is larger, the head is more 

 fully crested, and the gloss on the head is purplish, varying in some lights to bottle-green with a purplish 

 tinge ; between the eye and the bill is an irregular crescentic white patch ; rest of the plumage as in 

 Clangula glaucion ; but the white markings on the scapulars are broader and rounder, and the white on 

 the wing consists of two smaller patches divided by a broad black band ; bill dark plumbeous ; iris rich 

 yellow; legs yellow. Total length about 20 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 9 - 2, tail 4"0, tarsus 16. 



Young Male (Valencia, Spain, December). Resembles Clangula glaucion, but may be distinguished by larger 

 size, a larger and higher bill, and less white on the wings. 



Obs. I do not enter into details respecting the various stages of plumage through which this species passes, 

 as they assimilate so closely to those of Clangula glaucion. Birds in immature dress and old females 

 are at the first glance difficult to distinguish ; but the larger size and stouter and higher bill of Clangula 

 islandica is generally an unfailing guide for distinction. 



