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the white one on the hinder crest-feathers ; the second primary also is not barred across with white, this latter 

 only forming a large spot on the inner web ; the first primary also wants the white spot on the inner web. 

 Another bird, however, possesses all these peculiarities, thus agreeing well with the specimens described, as 

 does also an example in Canon Tristram's collection, shot by himself in Geneva; in this latter bird, however, 

 we notice that the frontal feathers are also tipped with black. Total length 10"2-10"6 inches, culmen 2-0-2'l, 

 wing 5-5-5-9, tail 4-1-4-2, tarsus 0-75-0 - 9. 



Italy. Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., has lent us a specimen from Genoa, which does not differ from the ones 

 described. Total length 10'2 inches, culmen 2 - 2, wing 5 - 5, tail 4 - 2, tarsus - 9. 



Spain. Great variation in colour prevails among the Hoopoes from this country, specimens ranging from 

 a deep cinnamon to a pale vinous buff; nor are these differences seemingly to be accounted for on the score of 

 sex or season of the year. On none of them do we perceive a second black bar to the hinder crest-feathers, 

 and only one bird has a trace of black tips on the frontal plumes. The characters noticed as so variable in 

 some of the birds previously mentioned, are found equally changeable in Spanish examples, no two birds 

 exactly agreeing in the amount of white on the primaries or outer tail-feather, or in the distinctness of the 

 flank-stripes ; indeed in one bird the white spot on the inner web of the smallest primary is not of the same 

 size in both wings. Total length 10-9-12-0 inches, culmen 1-6-2-3, wing 5-4-5-9, tail 3'8-4-4, tarsus - 7-0'8. 

 The specimens from Granada, Madrid, and Aranjuez agree wonderfully well in colour and measurements with 

 one another; but those from Seville seem to be smaller (especially the female), and darker in colour. 



Algeria. Five specimens now before us, obtained by Canon Tristram and Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., all 

 agree in one peculiarity — that is, in having the throat whitish, those killed in the winter exhibiting this 

 character more plainly. No traces of a double bar on the crest are apparent ; and only one specimen has the 

 least appearance of black on the feathers of the forehead. Two birds in Canon Tristram's collection, from 

 Gardaia, have more white on the outer tail-feather than any birds yet examined. Total length 9 - 8-10 - 5 inches, 

 culmen 2-1-2-3, wing 5-1-5-65, tail 3-9-4-1, tarsus 0-8-0-85. 



Smyrna. Two specimens collected by Dr. Kriiper in this locality grace our collection. One was obtained 

 on the 30th of March, 1871, and the other on the 3rd of August: both are adult males. These birds differ 

 considerably in colour, the spring specimen being beautifully vinous, while the autumn one is very pale buff; 

 the contrast in the breadth of the flank-stripes is also very marked. Both have a certain amount of white on 

 the throat, and there is not much difference in the markings of the upper surface of the wing ; but, while the 

 autumnal bird possesses the characteristics of the normal species, as regards the wing and tail, the other 

 specimen, though seemingly adult, and in rich spring plumage, has not a trace of white spot on the smallest 

 primary, and the white bar on the next quill does not extend beyond the inner web on one wing, while in the 

 other it only stretches on to the outer web in the shape of a narrow bar ; this bird also has a narrow white 

 edging extending to the tip and round the edge of the outermost tail-feather. On the other hand the example 

 killed in August has very decided black tips to the frontal feathers. Total length 11 inches, culmen 2 - l-2 - 2, 

 wing 5-7-5-9, tail 4-3-4-6, tarsus 0-8-0-9. 



Palestine. — Canon Tristram lends us a specimen from his collection, shot at Nazareth on the 20th of 

 April, 1864. It is of the pale vinous buff colour before alluded to, and has the throat whitish. The markings, 

 however, are normal, with the exception of the tail, which has an immoderate amount of white on the outer 

 feather. Total length 1T3 inches, culmen 2'3, wing 5 - 75, tail 4 - 4, tarsus 0-85. 



Egypt. Brehm has named the Egyptian bird as distinct, and calls it U. major; but we cannot see the 

 slightest difference from specimens from various parts of Europe. Three examples lent us by Captain Shelley 

 measure : — Total length 11-0-11-5 inches, culmen 2-3-2-4, wing 5-5-5-9, tail 4-4-4-7, tarsus 0-85-0-9. One only 

 has the frontal plumes marked with blackish. 



Afeica. 



N.-E. Africa. A bird collected by Jesse at Koomaylee in June agrees exactly with European specimens; 

 but a pair obtained by him at Rairo on the 13th of August differ in their slightly smaller bulk, and especially 



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