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plentiful throughout Egypt and Nubia, frequenting the neighbourhood of villages, where it may 

 be daily seen perched upon a mud wall or bough singing its simple song of ' Poop, Poop, Poop,' 

 or else strutting along the ground with dignified gait, stopping here and there to drive its beak 

 into the earth after its insect food." Mr. C. W. Wyatt, in his paper on the birds of the Sinai tic 

 Peninsula, says : — " The Hoopoe is well known to the Ai*abs ; it is a spring visitant, but had not 

 arrived when I left." Von Heuglin, in his excellent work on the ornithology of North-eastern 

 Africa, says that " the Hoopoe is not only a common winter resident in North-eastern Africa, but 

 breeds also in numbers in Egypt and Nubia in March and April, generally using the holes of 

 walls for the purpose of nidification. It is found singly or in pairs, or else in small scattered 

 companies about buildings, hedges, or pasturages, bush-covered places, and along the canals, 

 particularly where rubbish has been shot. In Abyssinia, Senaar, and the White Nile, a southern 

 race is found during and after the rainy season, which I scarcely believe is sedentary there. I 

 cannot consider this to be a separate species ; but it invariably differs by the absence of the pure 

 white band before the black points on the crest-feathers (which is sometimes but very indistinct), 

 and by the richer cinnabar-coloured head, neck and shoulders." Von Heuglin also records it 

 from the Danakil country, between the peninsula of Buri and the Gulf of Tadjura. Sharpe has 

 specimens from the river Gambia in his collection. 



Messrs. Dybowski and Parvex state that it is common in Dauria. Dr. Radde says : — " I 

 observed the Hoopoe on my journey to Siberia, here and there all along the post-road that leads to 

 Irkutsk. In Dauria it is not uncommon on the high steppes, and is found on the eastern slope of 

 the Apfel-Gebirge, up to an altitude of 3500 feet above the sea, where the young were fledged at 

 the end of July, at the frontier post of Altanskisch. At the end of August it had left the neigh- 

 bourhood of the Tarei-Nor. It was also met with in the flat parts of the Chingan mountains ; 

 and I saw it oftener on the Upper Amoor, particularly near the Chinese villages above and below 

 the town of Aigun. In the Bureja mountains it affected the open lofty oak groves." 



Von Middendorff does not mention it; but Dr. von Schrenck gives the following note: — 

 " In the north of the Amoor the Hoopoe is found to the east coast of Asia. We received from 

 Mr. Maack a specimen from the source of the Amoor, which was shot on the 21st of April O. S., 

 at the town of Nertschinsk. I noticed it in the Lower Amoor, on the left willow-covered shore 

 of the river, opposite Maji, on the 26th June O. S., and obtained one through Mr. Maximowicz, 

 from the Mariinskisch post, which was caught alive on the 11th (23rd) of April, when this bird 

 was first seen there in the spring of 1855. I found the stomach of this bird full of remains of 

 various coleoptera, and especially the wing-covers of Silphce." On the authority of Mr. Maxi- 

 mowicz, it is also included among the birds of Northern Japan. In China Mr. Swinhoe says it 

 occurs from Canton to Peking. 



Regarding its occurrence in India, Dr. Jerdon writes : — " The Hoopoe of Europe is found in 

 the Himalayas, in Northern India, in Lower Bengal, and in various parts of India as far as the 

 Neilgherries. It extends to Assam and perhaps to Upper Burmah. I procured it at Darjeeling: 

 there it is a winter visitant only. In Nepal and Bengal also it is only a winter bird ; and Adams 

 states that it migrates southwards from Cashmere to the Punjab and India in winter." Captain 

 Hutton says, at " Candahar this bird was scarce, and only a summer visitor. I saw it, however, 

 in the valley of Pisheen on the 6th of March." 



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