/£i) <•) 



It has been once recorded from Orkney by Baikie and Heddle ; and Mr. Saxby says that one was 

 obtained at Halligarth, in Shetland, on the 28th October, 1868, and a pair on the 3rd November, 

 1870, at the same place; a fourth specimen was sent to him by Mr. Thomas Edmondston, of 

 Buness, in whose garden it had been killed in the winter of 1871. It is also common and 

 resident in Ireland. It has not been met with in Greenland ; but Professor Newton says (Ibis, 

 1864, p. 132) that Mr. Proctor received a single specimen from Iceland. Captain Feilden says 

 that a specimen was shot at Eide on the 16th January, 1871, and another in March at the 

 same place. 



In Scandinavia it is tolerably common ; and Mr. R. Collett informs me that it breeds 

 throughout the southern and less elevated districts of Norway, but, as a rule, it is not numerous — 

 though it is tolerably abundant in the districts about the Christiania fiord, in the districts near 

 the coast in Christiania stift (as, for instance, in Nedenses and on Listerland, and at Christian- 

 sand), but does not appear along the west coast. In the interior it breeds not uncommonly in 

 Land and Valders, and ranges north up to the Trondhjemsfiord district, where it is resident in 

 the QErkedale. 



Professor Sundevall says that it is common and resident in Southern Sweden, and occurs 

 regularly up to 60° or 61° N. lat., but is very rare further north. There is, however, a specimen 

 in the Stockholm Museum which was shot near Lulea in July 1835. In Finland it is, Von 

 Wright states, very rare, and occurs only in the southern portions of the country; and Mr. 

 Sabanaeff informs me that it is common in Central Russia, especially in the Tula Government, 

 but it does not range far north. On the eastern slopes of the Ekaterinburg Ural he found it 

 extremely numerous, and he believes that it ranges there as far north as 59° N. lat. Throughout 

 Germany it is generally distributed and tolerably common in suitable localities, being a partial 

 migrant, and, Borggreve states, found in flocks in the winter season. Professor KJBerbolling says 

 that it is found in Denmark at all seasons of the year, but is far more numerous in the winter, at 

 which season its numbers are augmented by arrivals from the north. It breeds in many parts of. 

 Denmark proper, as well as in the Duchies. I have met with it in the portions of Western 

 Germany which skirt the Rhine ; and it is common in the wooded districts of Belgium. Professor 

 Schlegel states that it breeds in Holland, in Gelderland and North Brabant ; and it is found 

 throughout France in wooded localities, being common and resident. Professor Barboza du 

 Bocage records it from Portugal ; and in Spain it is also found, but appears to be somewhat rare 

 in the south ; for Colonel Irby says that he never obtained it near Gibraltar, but that it is more 

 common towards Cordova and Granada. He only met with it once in winter, in the Co to del 

 Rey. Mr. Howard Saunders informs me that it breeds in the more elevated districts in Spain, 

 such as the neighbourhood of Granada, where he obtained nestlings. In the wooded districts 

 of Savoy it is common, descending to the lower plains in autumn ; and the same may be said 

 of its occurrence in Italy ; but it is rare in Sardinia, though found more commonly in Sicily. 

 Mr. C. A. Wright records the occurrence of several examples in Malta, and says (Ibis, 1870, 

 p. 489) that during the two or three previous years he noticed several examples in the market at 

 both periods of migration. Lord Lilford speaks of it as being common in Corfu ; and he shot 

 one and saw four or five more on Mavronoros, a mountain near Livitazza, in Epirus. In Greece, 

 Dr. Kriiper says, it occurs not unfrequently on passage and during winter ; but he does not think 



