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the rugged mountain-districts, and is likewise found on the bare rocky islands on the coasts of 

 Nordland and Finmark." In Finland it is common ; and I have seen it in various parts of the 

 country, more especially in the wilder portions towards the east. From Archangel, where it is 

 said to be common, I have several specimens differing in no respect from those sent to me from 

 Sweden ; and respecting its range in Russia, I am informed by Mr. Sabanaeff that " it is resident, 

 though rare, in the Governments of Orloff and Voronege, but common in Perm. It occurs on 

 the wooded slopes of the Ural, but not in the open portions of the Government of Shadrinsk." 

 In Southern Eussian it is said by Dr. Radde to be common in the steppes, breeding in the holes 

 in the limestone rocks. It is found in Polish Galicia, where it is said to breed not uncommonly. 

 Count Casimir Wodzicki writes that it breeds throughout the Tatra range, where in 1849 a nest 

 was found on the Lissa rock, and in 1848 a pair bred in the Sandicer Mountains, where they 

 hatched out two young ones. One of these a forester caught and tied to a rock, where it was 

 fed by its parents for two months, its fellow nestling, so soon as it could fly, also assisting in 

 obtaining food. In Pomerania it is still found in many localities, and is by no means rare, 

 though, being destructive to game, it has been subjected to considerable persecution. It is, 

 however, said to be less numerous in Northern than in Southern Germany. Borggreve records 

 it as " formerly scattered all over North Germany, but now almost exterminated, and only 

 common in the wild portions of the Westphalian Rhine districts and the mountains of Silesia. 

 Naumann speaks of it as known everywhere in the Hartz and Thuringia ; but this is now scarcely 

 the case. Boeck records it from Prussia ; Tobias from Oberlausitz ; and Holland from Pome- 

 rania." It still breeds in Anhalt ; and Pastor Passler writes that it nests regularly in an almost 

 inaccessible mountain-cleft in the Breda valley, and used formerly to breed on the Ramberg, as 

 well as in a wood between the Elbe and the Mulde. I have received eggs almost every year 

 from Westphalia, where it appears to breed regularly. Mr. A. von Homeyer writes that it often 

 breeds on the Hundsriick ; and Mr. Leven gets young birds every year from near Trier. This 

 gentleman further writes that, " according to Mr. Steinbrenner, this Owl also occurs near Bingen, 

 Kreuznach, and Stromberg (where a nest was occupied for several years by one pair, in the 

 neighbourhood of which there were very many bones). I myself heard only once the cry of this 

 Owl, in the spring of 1853, near the river Saar." 



According to Kjaerbolling " it is rare in Denmark, and is only met with now and then. It 

 has, he states, been often shot at Helsingor, Greenaae, and Rosenvold ;" and he himself has often 

 seen and heard it in the Thyrsbek forest. "A specimen shot in the Marienberg forest, on Moen, 

 is in Mr. Hage's collection." It occurs in Belgium ; and Baron de Selys states that it is resident, 

 and nests in the rocks bordering the Meuse and Ourthe, but is rare in the central portions of 

 Belgium ; and de la Fontaine reports it is a resident in the rocky portions of Luxembourg. It 

 is of rare and accidental occurrence in the north of France, but is said by Degland and Gerbe 

 to be " much more abundant in the rocky portions of Isere and Provence, where it breeds." 

 Jaubert and Barthelemy-Lapommeraye record it as found "in Lower Provence, generally in 

 winter, but resident in the mountainous portions." 



In Portugal it is, Dr. Rey writes, " common, especially near Cape St. Vincent ; and I often 

 found its castings in the rugged precipices between Lagos and Cape St. Vincent." Lord Lilford 

 informs me that " the Eagle Owl is common, and well known in all suitable localities in Spain. 



