autumn and winter throughout most parts of Central Eussia. I have received skins and eggs 

 from near Archangel ; and Messrs. Seebohm and Harvie-Brown, who remark that they frequently 

 saw Eagles on the Petchora, identified the present species at Habariki. Sabanaeff states that it 

 is common in the Ural range, and in the wooded parts of the Perm Government. It is said to 

 occur near Moscow in the autumn, and also, though rarely, in the Kazan and Simbirsk Govern- 

 ments. According to Mr. Taczanowski the Golden Eagle is tolerably common in Poland in the 

 autumn and winter. " I only know one district" (he writes me), "viz. that of Przasnysz, where 

 this Eagle bred in 1856, quite close to the Prussian frontier. I have there seen several nests 

 situated on low pine trees, growing at the foot of a hill which overlooked the neighbouring 

 forests. Only one was occupied by the Eagles; the rest were either empty or occupied by 

 Falcons. On the same tree at the foot of which the Eagles were breeding, a good many other 

 birds built in peace : a Jay's nest was placed on one of the inner branches ; a pair of wild Doves 

 had their eggs in a hole in the trunk, and several Sparrows above." 



Not only is it an occasional visitant to many parts of North Germany, but it breeds still in 

 Mark Brandenburg. Ratzeburg cites it as having nested near Neustadt as late as 1849; still 

 later than this Mr. Weise says that it bred in the forests of the Brandshaide ; and Mr. Schalow 

 states that for more than fifty years it has nested regularly near Lohburg and Wittenberg ; and 

 Mr. Henrici informed him that a pair bred in 1874 near Woldenburg, and the young birds were 

 shot from the nest by Mr. Ritz. Mr. Benzon, of Copenhagen, informs me that the Golden 

 Eagle is by no means rare in the autumn, spring, and winter in Denmark, but that it is not 

 known to have been obtained there in the summer, nor does it breed in that country. Mr. Gatke 

 has obtained this Eagle on Heligoland; and it is of rare occurrence in Western Germany, 

 Belgium, and the north of France, though in the mountainous districts and in some of the 

 larger forests in the last-named country it is said to be resident. It is extremely numerous 

 in the mountainous districts of Portugal ; and Mr. Howard Saunders says (Ibis, 1871, p. 61) 

 that in Spain it " breeds in every mountain-range. In the Sierra Nevada it is considered the 

 commonest of the large Raptores. I know of one eyry in the Gaitanes, and observed the 

 species in Mallorca." Colonel Irby also writes (Orn. Str. Gibr. p. 39), " I never met with the 

 Golden Eagle in Andalucia, though I have seen one said to have been shot many years ago near 

 Gibraltar. They occur in the mountains near Granada, and probably in others of the high 

 sierras. I found in April a nest of an Eagle, apparently of this species, on a very high cliff 

 near Jebel Moosa, opposite Gibraltar ; but being unable to obtain the bird, we left the nest 

 untouched." 



Passing eastward, again, 1 find the Golden Eagle recorded as being resident and tolerably 

 abundant in Switzerland and Savoy ; and it is also to be met with in the mountain-ranges of the 

 Alps and Apennines, as also in the mountain districts of Sicily and Sardinia. Referring to its 

 occurrence in the last-named island, Mr. A. B. Brooke writes (Ibis, 1873, p. 149), "This is the 

 commonest Eagle in the island. A nest found on the 21st of April was built on a grassy ledge 

 of a small precipice, and contained two eggs. One was addled ; but the other was just beginning 

 to chip ; so I took it home and had it hatched under a hen ; but, unfortunately, the young bird 

 died in less than a week, from having been overfed during my absence. The weight of the old 

 female, which I shot, was 11 lb. 9 oz.; her crop was full of mutton in a high state of decom- 



