537 



position." Mr. Jesse, who shot two in Corsica, remarks that both these specimens appeared to 

 him to be smaller than the ordinary run of Golden Eagles, but he unfortunately did not take 

 measurements. Mr. C. A. Wright records its occurrence on two occasions in Malta ; but he does 

 not appear to have secured either of the two examples obtained. 



In Southern Germany the Golden Eagle is resident in most of the mountain-ranges ; and in 

 the autumn individuals are seen in the plains. Dr. Fritsch says that immature birds are seen 

 every autumn in Bohemia, and have been killed even close to Prague. In 1835 it was found 

 breeding on large trees in the Barengraben, Biesengebirge ; and it is said to have nested there as 

 late as in 1864. Mr. Seidensacher informed me that about twenty years ago a pair nested close 

 to Wertenstein, not far from Cilli (Styria) ; but both the young were taken and one of the parent 

 birds shot, after which the survivor disappeared. And I am indebted to the Bitter von Tschusi- 

 Schmidhofen for the following notes : — " I am fully convinced that Aquila fulva and Aquila 

 chrysaetus are the same species, and shall include them as such in my work ' Ornis Austriaca.' 

 The forester Brusek writes from Upper Hungary stating that he holds the same opinion, and 

 that he found these two supposed species paired together. The male {Aquila chrysaetus) was 

 shot ; and the young bird, which was taken out of the nest, was kept alive, and when grown up 

 assumed the plumage of Aquila fulva. There is no difference in their habits. A Steinadler 

 which Woboril (vide Fritsch, Vog. Eur. p. 9) kept alive for a long time had a plain blackish 

 brown tail; but when young it had a deal of white on the tail, which after some time 

 became all over blackish brown. My own experience tends to show that the Gold-Adler is the 

 old bird, and the Stein-Adler the young. Young birds are killed annually in Bohemia ; and in 

 1844 and 1846 it bred in the Biesengebirge. In Mahren (Moravia) it has also been often found 

 breeding ; in Lower Austria it occurs during migration ; in the mountains of Upper Austria it is 

 resident ; and in the Tyrol also it is a common resident ; in Styria it is rare, but has been met 

 with breeding ; in Hungary, Siebenbiirgen, and Galicia it is common, and breeds there." Messrs. 

 Danford and Harvie-Brown speak of this Eagle as being common in Transylvania, " especially in 

 autumn, when they frequent the low country. They nest in rocks, and have been known to 

 breed as low down as the Hatzeger Wald. We saw them on various occasions at Hatzeg, in 

 the Mezoseg, near Gorgeny, and in the mountains around Fanczal." 



I frequently saw the Golden Eagle when in the mountains of Servia, and was assured that 

 it breeds there ; and Mr. Faiman, who met with it in Bulgaria, writes : — " In comparison with 

 some of the Eagles, this monarch of the airy realms is a scarce bird ; I have observed some few 

 individuals in various parts — one near the head of the lower Devna lake, one in the Pravidy 

 valley, and several others in the hill-country to the westward and northward of Shumla." 



In Southern Bussia Aquila chrysaetus is resident in many districts ; and it is said to be, 

 comparatively speaking, tolerably frequent in the Uman district. Von Nordmann records it as 

 being but rare in the steppe country, though less so in the Caucasus. It is found in the Crimea ; 

 and Pallas states that the Kirghese train it for falconry. 



Dr. Kriiper states that it is resident in Greece, as also in Ionia and Macedonia, where, 

 however, it is less common. Lord Lilford met with it twice at Butrinto, and adds that it is not 

 numerous in Albania and Epirus. Dr. Kriiper also met with it in Asia Minor, where, according 

 to Mr. Danford (Ibis, 1878, p. 4), it is " common and resident. Breeds in the mountains and in 



