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visitor to these parts, though it is very common and a constant resident in Sicily and Calabria." 

 Lindermayer says that in October and November it is common in Northern Greece, but he has 

 not known it remain there to breed. Erhard includes it in his list of migrants occuring in the 

 Cyclades ; and Dr. Kriiper says that, as a rule, it only visits Greece during passage, but a few 

 remain over winter. By about February all have left. In Southern Germany it is not very 

 common ; and Dr. Anton Fritsch speaks of it as being rare in Central Bohemia, but common 

 near Neuhaus; and it breeds near Frauenberg. Along the course of the Danube it appears to 

 occur in most of the wooded localities, and is common in Bulgaria, being Mr. Farman says, more 

 numerous during the breeding-season ; and Mr. Alleon states that it is not rare on the Bosphorus 

 during winter. Professor von Nordmann speaks of it as being tolerably abundant throughout 

 Southern Russia, and especially numerous in Bessarabia ; but Mr. H. Goebel says (J. f. O. 1870, 

 p. 199) that it is a rare species in the Uman district, though common in the oak-groves of 

 Podolia. It is, Dr. Badde writes (J. f. O. 1854, p. 55) common in the Bukovina and Northern 

 Bessarabia, as also near Kishenew, in the Crimea ; but he only once saw one near the Alma. It 

 occurs during passage in Asia Minor; but I have no details as to whether it ever breeds there, 

 which it may possibly do, as Canon Tristram found its nest in Palestine, where it is most fre- 

 quently seen during the winter season. This gentleman writes (Ibis, 1865, p. 255) as follows: — 

 " During winter this is the only Kite to be seen, and very common it is ; but towards spring it 

 becomes more scarce, the larger number retiring to the northern mountains for nidification, 

 though a few still remain in the central districts near Carmel and Nablous, and many in the 

 hill-country of Galilee. Yet we took only two well-identified nests. In winter the Kite is 

 gregarious, especially in the south ; and is very abundant in the wilderness to the west of the 

 Dead Sea, and in the whole desert and plateaux round Beersheba, where large flocks may be 

 seen hovering at all times of the day, and hanging about the neighbourhood of the Bedouin 

 camps and their cattle. In wet and stormy weather they will gather like Rooks, and sit 

 motionless on a wall or on a clump of trees, in the ruined district of Hebron, for hours 

 together." Its occurrence in North-east Africa is very doubtful ; Riippell says that it is common 

 in Lower Egypt ; but neither Brehm nor Von Heuglin met with it there ; and Captain Shelley 

 adds that he knows of no instance of its capture in Egypt. 



It is, however, found in North-western Africa, where it both remains over winter and breeds. 

 Loche says that it is very common in Algeria ; and Mr. O. Salvin, who found it breeding there, 

 writes (Ibis, 1859, p. 183) as follows:—" For the most part we found the nests of the Kite were 

 much dispersed ; I have no instance noted of more than a pair occupying one cliff. When in a 

 rock they were usually placed where a small tree or shrub grew out of a orack. Such was the 

 case at Djebel Dekma, Khifan, M'sakta, and Kef Laks, with a single exception. In this case 

 the nest was in a hole in the precipice that forms the western termination of Djebel Dekma. 

 The young in this nest were hatched in the first week in April. About the Ouled Zeid country, 

 north of Souk Harras, the nests were usually in trees. Nearly all the eggs we obtained were 

 remarkably devoid of colouring," Mr. C. F. Tyrwhitt-Drake found it not uncommon at 

 Tetuan in winter; and Colonel Irby writes that, according to Favier, it is "found in the 

 vicinity of Tangier in much smaller numbers than M. migrans, being seen on passage only in 

 pairs ; the birds which remain to nest appear to be those which are the first to go south ; the 



