Sepr.-Ocr., 1918.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 203 
plants as the deciduous Calanthes, Thunias, Cattleyas and Lelias, Vandas, 
Catasetums, Cycnoches, Mormodes, Dendrobiums, &c., which have finished 
their growths, and all those plants which require well ripening or maturing 
to produce a full crop of owers. This is not done by starving the plants 
for water, but by a systematic application of heat, light and air to all the 
plants, without causing any great fluctuation in the temperatures. 
VENTILATION.—In order to enable the new pseudobulbs to mature, and 
to consolidate the growths generally, air and light should be admitted, and 
a drier atmosphere maintained, in order to prevent or check the develop- 
ment of spot, which practically all Orchids are subject to if grown in an 
unsuitable atmosphere. 
WATERING.—In the absence of sunshine, which often occurs in the two 
months under consideration, the plants do not take up as much water as 
when in full growth, and a good deal of judgment is necessary in giving and 
witholding water, so the operator must be guided by the individual state of 
each plant, whether in active growth, at rest, or approaching the flowering 
Stage. 
SHADING must be gradually reduced as the sun loses its power, due 
tegard being paid to those plants that are liable to iniury if exposed to 
‘trong sunlight. Amongst those that are readily affected by too much 
sunlight are Phalznopsis, Miltonias, Phaius, Bolleas, and many others, both 
ofa thin and thick-leaved nature. Differences of locality must, of course, 
be taken into consideration, for circumstances vary to such an extent that 
what is advisable in one district may be quite unsuitable in another. The 
climatic conditions of the south coast of England, for example, are different 
ftom those of Yorkshire or East Lancashire, and the atmosphere of urban 
districts is often less clear than that of the open country. When the blinds 
 shadings are down during the middle hours of the day, care must be 
taken that the temperatures do not fluctuate through over-ventilation or 
draughts, especially in houses where the plants are still in full growth. The 
temperatures during October should be gradually reduced to the winter 
Sues, and owing to the restrictions upon fuel it will be good practice to 
ome the plants to the minimum temperature possible for their welfare. 
Provided this is done judiciously and with discretion no harm will accrue. 
CLEANLINESs,—The cleaning of the houses must be taken in hand as 
on as the leaves have fallen from the trees, and in most districts this is a 
“ommon necessity, as the accumulation of dirt and other matter upon the 
Toofs prevents the necessary light from reaching the plants during the short 
days of winter. At the same time the inmates of the houses should 
be carefully cleaned and arranged, so that every plant receives the maximum 
amount of light. In order that the leaves should perform their proper 
Mtctions, it is necessary that they should be kept clean, although at the 
