82 PREVENTIVE AND COMBATIVE MEASURES. 



the European. The long and patient experiments of Millardet^ 

 are the most conspicuous amongst many which, by means of 

 grafting and hybridization, have aimed at obtaining disease-proof 

 vines. Millardet, out of numerous hybrids raised by him, has 

 succeeded at last in obtaining vines with roots proof against 

 phylloxera, leaves resistant to attacks of downy mildew, and 

 grapes which impart the esteemed flavour to the various old 

 and well-known European wines. From these many ruined 

 vineyards of southern France have been already re-stocked, and 

 promise well. 



The results obtained from Eriksson's investigations on cereal- 

 rusts are also worthy of notice.^ This investigator, after carrying 

 on cultivations for a number of years, has found that there are 

 varieties of wheat able to resist the more frequent forms of 

 rust, and in no way endangered by them. By a similar method 

 of investigation, varieties suitable for cultivation in the rust- 

 infested districts of Australia have also been obtained. 



' Millardet, " Notes sur les vignes americaines. " Ser. III. Mem de la soc. cfe"! 

 ■sciences de Bordeaux, 1891; Joum. d'agricvlture pratique, 1892; Compt. rend., 

 1894; Zeiischrift /. Pflanzenkrankheiten, 1894, p. 47, and 1895, p. 116. 



Esser, "Die Bekampfung parasit. Pflanzenkrankheiten," Samml. wissensch. 

 Vortrdge; by Virchow n. Wattenbach, 1892. With Bibliography. 



-Eriksson. Zeitschrift f. Pflanzenkrankheiten, 1895, p. SO. 



