DERMATELLA. 253 



Apothecia and pycnidia {Sphaerovsma spurium Ft.) are both 

 developed. The ascospores are one-celled and hyaline. 



[Wagner^ adds the following species found by him in Saxony as more 

 or less marked parasites : (Edit.) 



Dermatea (Pezicula) cinnamomea (Pers.) on Quercus. It attacks the 

 rind in places injured by deer, and causes injury to the trees. 



D. (Pez.) carpinea (Pers.) kills many young hornbeams ; it probably 

 obtains entrance through wounds. 



D. (Pez.) acerina Karst. is a doubtful parasite on Acer Pseudoplatanus.l 



BULGARIACEAE. 



Bulg-aria polymorpha Wett. {B. inqwinans Fr.) (Britain and U.S. 

 America). A dangerous enemy of the oak,^ causing death. Eesearches 

 into its parasitism are still wanting. The sporocarps develop on dead 

 bark, especially of beech. 



(3) PEZIZEAE. 



The apothecia are never embedded, but appear as saucer- or 

 cup-like structures on the substratum; they are fleshy or vraxy, 

 and often of bright colour. The hypothecium is very strongly 

 developed. 



The families included in this group are : Mollisieae, Helotime, 

 Ewpezizeaz, and Ascdboleae. Of these, all except the last con- 

 tain parasitic forms. The Mollisieae and Helotieae contain also 

 a number of lichen-fungi not considered of sufficient practical 

 value to be included here. The Ascdboleae live as saprophytes on 

 animal droppings. 



MOLLISIEAE. 



The apothecia generally sit free throughout their whole 

 existence on a close, firm substratum of hyphal tissue, or they 

 may be sunk in the host and break out later ; they are at 

 first closed and spherical (rarely tapering downwards), but after- 

 wards open and expose a cup-like, saucer-shaped, or flat disc of 

 asci. The disc is waxy and soft ; externally it is brownish 

 and generally smooth ; exceptionally it may be downy or beset 

 with short hairs or bristles. The sporocarps are brown and com- 



^Zeitsch. f. Pflanzeiihranhheiten, 1896, p. 76. 



^ Ludwig, Oentralblatt f. Bacteriologie u. Parasitenhmde ; also, Lehrbuch d, 

 niederer Kryptogamen. 



