294 USTILAGINEAE. 



Ust. grammica B. et B. is reported on haulms of Aira and Glyceria 

 in England. 



Ust. echinata Schroet. produces smut-strips on leaves of Pkalaris 

 arundinacea. (U.S. Amer.) 



Ust. cynodontis Henn. On Cynodon Dactylmi from Simla. 



Ust. arundinellae Bref. On Arwndinella near Calcutta. 



Ust. aristidae-cyanthae Bref. On Aristida cijantha from Himalaya. 



Ust. coicis Bref. On Goix lacryma from Simla. 



Ust. esculenta Henii.^ causes deformation of plants of Zizania latifolia 

 iu Tonquiu and Japan. The deformed parts are eaten, while the spores 

 are used for dying of hair and eye-brows, as well as in the manufacture 

 of a varnish. 



Ust. paspalus-dilatati Henn. On Poispalus dilatatus. 



Ust. olivacea D. C. frequents species of Carex. The olive- 

 brown spore- masses hang loose and fleecy from the destroyed 

 ovary. The spores, according to Brefeld, are produced from 

 long hyphae vehich become thickened at intervals and broken 

 up by cross-septa into portions corresponding to the future 

 spores. The hyphae, hovrever, are not completely given up to 

 spore-formation, but parts remain and form fine filaments which 

 give the fleecy appearance to the ruptured ovaries. Germina- 

 tion in water results in the formation of a single conidium, a 

 second being rarely formed. In nutritive solutions similar 

 conidia are produced one after another successively, and sprout 

 off conidia in a yeast-like manner without the formation of pro- 

 mycelia. On failure of nutriment, hyphae are finally produced. 



Ust. Vuijkii Oudem. et Beyerk. The ovaries of Luziiltx 

 campestris become filled with spores, some colourless, some 

 light-brown. The spores germinate in water, giving four-celled 

 promycelia with ovoid conidia, which do not, however, coalesce 

 or develop further, even in nutritive solutions. 



Ust. capensis Eees. In fruit of Juncus. 

 Ust. luzulae Sacc. In fruit of Luzida. 



Ust. scabiosae (Sow.)^ (C/sif. ^oscwZor?6m Tul). (Britain.) The 

 anthers of Knautia and Scabiosa attacked by this fungus become 

 filled with a flesh-coloured to violet spore-powder, and swell 

 to little sacs. The flowers otherwise are but little altered. 

 Brefeld found that spores from Knautia arvoisis germinate 

 easily and abundantly in water, and produce promycelia con- 



'P. Henniugs, Hedwigia, 1895; Miyabe, Tokio Botanical Magazine, 1895. 

 ■^Fischer v. Waldheim, £ot. Zeilung, 1867. 



