CLADOSPORIUM. 509 



Gladosporium herbarum (Pers.). This species is found every- 

 where on dead plant remains, but it is also common on living 

 leaves of many plants. The first suggestion that this form 

 might occur as a parasite came from Haberlandt^ and Frank. ^ 

 It possesses a dirty-grey, thick, septate mycelium, which may 

 be colourless when young or growing inside a substratum ; it 

 applies itself closely to the surface of plants and even pene- 

 trates through the stomata or cell-walls into the tissues. The 

 conidiophores are erect, otherwise variable in form ; they give 

 off conidia from the apex or from lateral processes. The 

 conidia are oval and contain a variable number of cells. Organs 

 of plants attacked show grey spots, and withered parts if they 

 are still alive. 



The following are some of the papers describing Gladosporium 

 herbarum as, in certain circumstances, a parasite. Prillieux and 

 Delacroix,^ on apple-trees and raspberry-bushes ; Cavara,* on 

 raspberry, cycads, agave, and other plants ; Sorauer,* on peas. 

 Lopriore ^ describes this fungus as the cause of a " black " 

 disease on ears of wheat ; the results of infection were however 

 somewhat variable. 



Eitzema Bos reports it as producing disease, and in some 

 cases death, in fields of oats. Kosmahl and Nobbe'' found 

 that seedlings of Finus rigida blackened and died suddenly in 

 the beginning of May, apparently from the attacks of this 

 fungus. Janczewski ^ states that this Gladosporium is a conidial 

 form of Sphaerella Tidasnei, a new species of Ascomycete 

 established by him.^ 



01. elegans Penz. This causes on the orange a disease or 

 " scab," which has been injurious both in Southern Europe and 

 the Southern States of America.® It attacks chiefly wild orange 



' FruMing's landwirth. Zeitung, 1878. 



''Die. Krankheitm der PJlanzen, 2nd Edit., 1896, n., p. 292. 



"Bulletin de la soc. mycolog. de France, vii. 



*Sevue mycologique, 1891. 



^ Handbuch d. Pflanzenkrankheiten, 1886. 



* Berichte d. deiUsch. botan. Gesell, 1892 ; Landioirth. Jahrbuch, 1894. 



'' Extraits du Bulletin de I'Academie des sci. de Oracovie, 1892, 1893, 1894. 



^ Schostakowitsch (Flora, 1895 (ergzbd.) distinguishes Cladosporium from other 

 genera. 



'Scribner, Bulletin of Torrey Club, xiii., 1886, p. 181. Underwood, Journal of 

 Mycology, vii., p. 34. Swingle and Webber, "Diseases of Citrous Fruits," 

 U.S.A. JDept. of Agriculture Bulletin 8, 1896. 



