LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xv 



FIG. PAGE 



220. Teucrium Scorodonia : flower in the second state, with re- 



curved anthers and exposed stigmas . .336 



221. Salvia officinalis : section of a young flower 338 



222. Do. flower visited by n bee . 338 



223. Do. older flower . .338 



224. 225. Do. stamens in their natural position and when 



_ moved by a bee .... 338 



226. Plantacfo media (after Bentham) . . . 342 



227. Leaf of Empetrum in transverse section (after Kerner) 353 



228. 229. Male and female flowers of Callitriche . . 354 

 230-232. Urtica dioica : vertical section through part of the leaf 



of a Stinging-nettle, showing two hairs, from the lower 

 one of which the head has been broken, and tops of hairs 



more magnified (after Kerner) . 356 



233. End of shoot of Hop . 357 



234. Flower of Elm (after Grenier and Godron) . . 358 

 235-248. Terminal bud of Elm, with analysis showing the com- 

 ponent scales . . . 359 



249. Branch of Beech . . 361 



250. Branch of Spanish Chestnut . 361 



251. Fruit of Oak opened 365 



252. Fruit of Nut opened . . 365 



253. Winter bud of Beech . 368 

 254-256. First, sixth, and eleventh pair of stipules of same 368 



257. Diagrammatic transverse section of pair of stipules of same, 



showing the extent to which they overlap . 368 



258. Bud of same after eleven pairs of stipules have been 



removed . . 368 

 259-261. Twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth pairs of stipules of 



same, with leaf . . . ■ 368 



262. Stipule of the fifteenth pair with leaf . 368 



263. Last leaf discernible, occupying the centre of the bud . 368 



264. Junction of the wood of two seasons' growth of same, showing 



scars of the outer pairs of stipules that covered the winter 



bud and which were unaccompanied by leaves . .368 



265. 266. Transverse sections of Beech leaf grown in sunshine and 



shade respectively (after Pfeffer) . . 370 



267. Root-tip of Beech with closely adherent mycelial mantle 



(after Kerner) . . • • .371 



268, 269. Bud of Spanish Chestnut and second scale detached 371 



270. Oak shoot ^'^^ 



271. Oak bud . . 372 



