50 BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS chap. 



nate ; the sheathmg leaves or stipules serve to protect 

 the bud and also to hold moisture ; the leaflets are 

 wedge-shaped or obovate. The anthers open in sun- 

 shine and close in rain. According to Edgeworth, T. 

 flavum has two forms of pollen. Unfortunately he 

 merely makes the statement and gives no particulars. 

 Fruits of this species are of frequent occurrence in 

 preglacial beds in Norfolk and Suffolk. 



Anemone 



Perennial herbs with radical leaves. There are 4-20 

 sepals, no petals, and numerous stamens. In some 

 species the petioles of the cotyledons are connate to the 

 summit, or nearly so. One of the most striking features 

 in the genus is the three-leaved involucre, the leaves of 

 which are sometimes stalked, sometimes sessile, some- 

 times resembling the ordinary leaves, at others quite 

 different. In A. Hepatica they are small, undivided, 

 and together resemble a calyx. The fruits are often 

 wind-borne, sometimes by means of a long feathered 

 awn, sometimes by silky hairs ;• in other cases the fruit 

 is flattened, with a narrow wing (A. narcissiftora) ; 

 lastly, in some the awn is hooked, and catches on to 

 the hair of any passing animal. 



A. Pulsatilla (Pasque-flower) is silky, with tri- 

 pinnate leaves, violet sepals, and yellow stamens. 

 The outer series of stamens differ somewhat from the 

 rest, and may possibly be regarded as representing petals. 

 The flowers are protogynous, and remain open two to four 

 days. Honey is secreted by the outer stamens. The 

 flowers are visited by several species of bees and some 

 other insects. Their life-history is curious and interest- 

 ing. When they open they face the sky, and the 

 stalks are quite short. The stigmas are numerous and 

 ready for fertilisation. After two days the peduncle 

 has elongated, the flower inclines slightly, and the 

 anthers begin to open. The sepals, which are concave, 

 have grown longer, and thus protect the pollen more 

 effectively. The flower closes in the evening, and thus 



