" ROSACEA 177 



Diyas. The flower is said to produce honey more 

 abundantly in the North. 



G. rivale. — The arrangement and history of the flower 

 are in essentials as in G. urhanum. 



EUBUS 



The species of this genus are richly endowed with 

 honey, secreted by a fleshy ring on .the receptacle below 

 the stamens. A more important botanical distinction is 

 in the ovary, which is superior or above the calyx and 

 corolla, while in the Rose it is inferior, the calyx and 

 corolla being above it. The carpels also become suc- 

 culent, forming a number of "drupelets" on a more or 

 less conical dry receptacle. The division into species 

 is more difiicult even than in the Eoses. Babington ^ 

 made forty-eight. In the most recent account, Moyle 

 Rogers's Handhooh of British Ruhi (1900), 103 species 

 are recognised ! Bentham and Hooker only accept 

 five. Of these two are herbaceous : one {R. saxatilis) 

 having trifoliate leaves and small axillary flowers ; the 

 other (R. Chamcemorus, the Cloudberry) has simple 

 leaves and a large terminal solitary flower. Of the 

 other three, one (R. fruticosus, the Blackberry) has 

 3 or 5 leaflets and a black fruit, without bloom ; 

 the second [R. ccesius, the Dewberry) has glaucous 

 branches, and fruit covered with a bluish bloom. The 

 fifth is the Raspberry (R. Idceus). The Blackberry is 

 especially variable. 



R. fruticosus (Blackberry, Bramble). — The flowers 

 are large and widely open ; the stamens, though 

 numerous, are not so close as to exclude even insects 

 with a short proboscis from access to the honey. The 

 outer anthers ripen first, and turn their open faces 

 upwards. The stigma ripens at the same time, so that 

 most insect visitors eff'ect cross-fertilisation. Over 100 

 species of insects are recorded as visitors to the Black- 

 berry. In the late autumn many of the leaves present a 

 pale twining mark like a small serpent, and increasing in 



' iVanual. 4tli Edition. 



