184 BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS chap. 



leaf surface of an ordinary Rose. The stipules also 

 have disappeared. The single leaf appears to represent 

 the terminal leaflet of an ordinary Rose-leaf^ 



Pyrus 



Protogynous plants, with half - concealed honey, 

 secreted by the base of the flower. 



P. Malus (Apple). — The scent is especially strong 

 at night, and the flower is much visited by moths. 

 According to Waite,^ self-fertilisation gives little fruit. 

 When the flower opens the stigmas are ripe. On the 

 second day the anthers begin to open, commencing from 

 the outer rows. The flower lasts five to six days. 



P. communis (Pear). — The life-history of the Pear 

 flower is similar to that of the Apple, but the female 

 condition lasts two to four days, and the whole flower 

 life seven to eight days. It is also nearly sterile to its 

 own pollen. 



P. Aria (White Beam). — The under side of the 

 leaves is covered with a soft white cotton, and is often 

 turned upwards, so that the tree looks quite white. 

 The cottony down protects the stomata. The buds 

 stand upright, thus exposing a small surface to the sky, 

 and minimising the efi"ect of cold. I have described 

 them at length in my Buds and Stipules, p. 140. 



Crat^gus 



0. Oxyacantha (Hawthorn). — The flowers are proto- 

 gynous, with half-concealed honey secreted by a ring 

 at the base of the flower. The scent is one of the 

 few which we consider pleasant, and which is also very 

 attractive to flies. The anthers do not begin to open 

 until the flower is one or two days old. The plant is 

 protected by modified branches which assume the form 

 of spines. On the lower part of long shoots a long 

 spine and a bud develop together, on the upper part a 

 bud only. 



' See Gardeners' Ohronicle, July 6, 1889. 

 Waite, PoUinalion of Pear Flowers. Washington, 1894. 



