" ONA GRACES 189 



are markedly protandrous, with a long hanging pistil, 

 so that self-fertilisation is precluded. (2) Middle- 

 sized flowers, which are weakly protandrous or even 

 homogamous. The pistil is straight, and self-fertilisa- 

 tion is quite possible. (3) Small flowers. These are 

 homogamous, and regularly fertilise themselves. Female 

 flowers also sometimes occur, in which the anthers pro- 

 duce no pollen. The hairs are of two kinds — some long 

 and spreading, some glandular. 



E. roseum is glabrous while young, afterwards 

 covered with woolly hairs, and towards the summit 

 with small spreading articulate hairs. The stigma is 

 sometimes slightly lobed. The stems are more or less 

 quadrangular, and the wings, besides strengthening the 

 stem, probably perform the same function as the rows 

 of hairs of other species in conducting moisture. 



(Enothera (Evening Primrose) 



Protandrous moth -flowers, with concealed honey. 

 A large genus, native of temperate North and South 

 America. 



(E. biennis. — Large pale-yellow flowers, which open 

 in the evening, and are then especially sweet-scented. 

 They are adapted to moths, but are also visited during 

 the day by some of the bees which have long probosces. 

 The nectar is protected by woolly hairs. The flowers 

 last two nights ; the first evening the anthers open with 

 the flowers, but the lobes of the stigma do not open 

 until the morning. The petals are merely an advertise- 

 ment, and insects do not alight on them. The hairs are 

 tubercular at the base. This plant is a native of North 

 America, which has become established in various places 

 in this country as a garden escape. A Patagonian 

 species, QE. odorata, has similarly become established 

 on the coasts of Somerset and at Plymouth. I have 

 described the peculiarly interesting cotyledons of this 

 and other genera of the family in my work On Seed- 

 lings, both in the original and in the popular edition 

 (International Science Series). 



