II UMBELLIFER,^ 213 



head, the latter occupying the centre. The second 

 form has greenish or reddish flowers ; the umbel ,s 

 have only female, or female and sexless flowers. The 

 anthers often contain normal pollen grains, but the 

 grains are often smaller and irregular in form ; more- 

 over, the anthers rarely open, and even then remain in 

 the same position which they occupied in the bud. 

 Warnstorf found the umbels of the first order herma- 

 phrodite ; those of the second complete at the outside, 

 and with a few male flowers in the centre ; those of the 

 third all male. Here again, therefore, we find very 

 curious and as yet unexplained differences. The flower- 

 heads are upright during the day, but curve over at night, 

 thus protecting the flowers from rain and from too rapid 

 radiation. Irmisch long ago observed that after the 

 seedlings have made a certain amount of growth the 

 root contracts and draws the stem down under ground. 



ChzEROPHYLLTJM (Chervil) 



We have three species. One, C. Anthriscus, has short 

 hispid fruit. Of the other two, one, C. temulum, has 

 the fruit ribbed ; in the other, C. sylvestre, it is smooth, 

 without ribs. 



C. sylvestre (Figs. 141-143). — The flowers are andro- 

 monoecious, complete, and protandrous. The male 

 flowers are central. According, however, to Schroter, 

 all the flowers are complete and protandrous. The 

 honey is exposed, and the list of visitors very long. 



C. temulum. — The arrangement of the flowers is as 

 in the preceding species. 



Anthriscus 



A. vulgaris. — According to Schulz the flowers are 

 homogamous, and fertilise themselves. They are not 

 much visited by insects. The fruits are covered with 

 short hooked bristles, and narrow at the top into a 

 short smooth beak. 



