11 UMBELLIFBR^ ARALIACE.4E 215 



the complete flowers as protogynous. It is not much 

 frequented by insects. 



0. latifolia. — Andromonoecious, with complete flowers, 

 which are homogamous according to Kerner, proto- 

 gynous according to Schulz. A rare plant in cornfields 

 in the South of England, and not native. 



0. Anthriscus. — Flowers generally white, but often 

 reddish. Schulz describes them as resembling those of 

 C. daucoides. The plant is covered with short appressed 

 hairs. 



AEALIACE^ 



This family agrees with the Umbelliferse in many 

 respects, diff'ering principally in the fruit, which forms 

 a berry, or berry -like " drupe." The flowers are greenish, 

 protandrous, or homogamous, with free honey secreted 

 by a band surrounding the pistil. 



Hedera 



H. Helix (Ivy). — A woody evergreen climber. The 

 main stems adhere to walls, trees, etc. , by small modified 

 roots, which, unlike the ordinary ground roots, arise 

 along the length of the stem between the leaves. They 

 act solely as hold -fasts, and show a strong negative 

 response to the light, tending to grow away from it 

 into cracks or crannies of walls, bark, etc. The ivy, 

 like other green plants, derives its food from the air by 

 means of its leaves, and from the ground by means of 

 the ground roots, which arise only at the leaf insertions. 

 A plant cut off" from connection with the ground withers. 

 The flowering branches project freely from their support, 

 and, instead of the typical th^ee- to five-lobed "ivy" 

 leaves, have ovate leaves. They are so distinct that they 

 are often supposed by those who are not botanists to 

 belong to diff'erent plants. Other species with a similar 

 habit have two forms of leaves, as, for instance, Ficus 

 repens. The reason I believe to be as follows. It is 



