218 BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS chap. 



the stigma with the other. Gradually, however, the 

 stamens rise and turn inwards, so that in the absence of 

 insect visits the flower would fertilise itself. The pollen 

 is large, rounded, and 63-75 /^ in diameter. The fruits 

 are black (see Wild Cherry, p. 175). 



C. suecica. — The four white red-veined bracts fulfil 

 the purpose of petals, and surround an umbel of about 

 twenty minute flowers. The true petals are minute, 

 purple, and reflexed, as are the sepals. 



GAPEIFOLIACE^ 



This family presents great difi'erences as regards 

 fertilisation. The Elder has no honey, and is visited 

 for the pollen ; Adoxa and Viburnum have quite ex- 

 posed honey ; in Linnsea it is accessible to insects even 

 with short probosces ; Symphoricarpus is a wasp flower ; 

 Lonicera nigra is adapted to bees with a short proboscis ; 

 L. ccerulea to humble bees ; L. Periclymenum only to a 

 few of those with the longest proboscis, and to moths ; 

 and lastly, L. Caprifolium, with a tube almost an inch 

 long, only to hawkmoths. 



Adoxa 



Inconspicuous greenish flowers, with exposed nectar. 



A. Moschatellina. — The flowers have a scent of musk, 

 as suggested by the specific name. The anthers stand 

 at the same level as the stigma. According to Kerner 

 the flowers are protogynous ; the anthers at first turned 

 from, and afterwards towards, the pistil. 



Sambuctjs 



We have two species. S. Ehulus is a herb with 

 stipules, or lobes resembling stipules ; S. nigra, a small 

 tree without stipular lobes. 



S. Ebulus (the Dwarf Elder, or Banewort) is supposed 

 to have been introduced by the Danes. The honey is 

 free-lying, secreted by the summit of the ovary. 



