II OAPRIFOLIACE^ 2!^ 3 



especially Sphinx convolvuli and S. ligustri (the 

 Privet and Convolvulus hawkmoths). Some Hies visit 

 the flowers for the sake of the pollen, but do not fertilise 

 them. 



L. Caprifolium agrees in essentials with the preceding, 

 but the tube is even longer, reaching 30 mm., so that 

 the honey is effectually reserved for hawkmoths — and 

 even of them, only those with the longest probosces. 

 Kerner describes the flowers as weakly protogynous, 

 H. Miiller as homogamous. The flower is first rose 

 outside and white within, and subsequently yellow. Its 

 life continues for three days. The uppermost leaves 

 are united and form a cup round the stem, which, 

 according to Kerner, forms an unclimbable barrier and 

 prevents creeping insects from reaching the flower and 

 robbing it of its honey.-^ 



L. Xylosteum. — Homogamous. The tube is only 

 8-4 mm. in length. This species affords an instance of 

 synanthy, or greater or less union of two or more 

 flowers. The two flowers of the cyme are united for 

 about half their length ; the two red berries are, how- 

 ever, nearly distinct. In L. alpigena, which is not 

 found in Edtain, the union is nearly complete in 

 the flower, while in the globose berry the distinction 

 between the two ovaries of which it is made up has 

 been completely lost.^ 



The two last species are not native, but have 

 become naturalised in some of our southern and eastern 

 counties. 



LlN"N"iEA 



Homogamous flowers with concealed honey, which 

 is secreted between the bases of the shorter stamens. 



L. borealis. — The honey is protected by the hanging 

 position of the flowers. The petals are also lined with 

 hairs, which perhaps serve to exclude both rain and 

 small creeping insects. The pistil projects considerably 



1 We find a similar provision in Clilora. 

 ^ See Arber in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Botany) xxxv. 



