238 BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS chap. 



SOLIDAGO 



S. Virgaurea (Golden Rod). — The flowers are gyno- 

 moncEcious and freely visited by insects, and the pollen 

 also may easily drop from the stamens of the upper 

 flowers on to the pistil of the lower ones. 



Inula 



Ray flowers in a single row, female ; disk flowers 

 complete. We have five species. Elecampane (/. 

 Helenium) has large flowers, and only occurs here 

 and there, if indeed it is truly native. Two species 

 have the rays much longer than the involucre : one, 

 /. crithmoides, is succulent and glabrous ; the other, 

 I. dysenterica. is downy. Of the last two, /. Pulicaria 

 is annual, J. Conyza perennial. 



I. Helenium. — The leaves are nearly glabrous above ; 

 white and cottony below. 



I. dysenterica is gynomoncecious. — ^The heads contain 

 about 100 ray and 600 disk flowers. The leaves are 

 rough above, more or less downy or cottony under- 

 neath. 



I. Conyza is a downy plant with the under sides of 

 the leaves soft and cottony. 



I. crithmoides, a seaside plant, is glabrous, with 

 succulent leaves. 



I. Pulicaria. — Like I. dysenterica, but smaller, with 

 short ray florets, less woolly leaves, and a foetid smell. 



Bellis 



The ray flowers are in a single row, are female, and 

 do not have the pollen brush, which is present in the 

 disk flowers. On the other hand, the stigmatic papillae 

 are rather larger. 



B. perennis (Daisy) is gynomonoecious.^ — The flower- 

 heads vary somewhat in size. After fertilisation the 

 stigmas draw back into the bell of the flower. The 

 flowers close at sunset, whence the name, and also in wet 



