11 COMPOSITiE 239 



weather. The tips of the petals are coloured red with 

 anthocyanin on the side which is turned towards the 

 ground when the head is open, and towards the sky when 

 it is closed (see ante, p. 212). The leaves are closely 

 applied to the ground, and, as in so many similar cases, 

 are broad. The result is that no seedlings can grow up 

 under them, and the plant is very injurious in meadows 

 and lawns. The fruits have no pappus. It has 

 occurred to me whether, as they would fall on the flat 

 plane of the leaves, the wind carries them a sufficient 

 distance. The plant is generally clothed with white 

 jointed hairs. 



Chrysanthemum 



We have four species. C. segetum is yellow, the other 

 three are white. Of these C. Leucanthemum has the leaves 

 toothed, while in C. Parihenium and C. inodorum they 

 are pinnate ; in the former the flower -heads are in 

 corymbs, in the latter they are terminal, and the lobes 

 of the leaves are narrow or filiform. 



I took this genus (see p. 231) as typical of the 

 order, and need not therefore repeat the description of 

 C. Parthenium (Fever-few), which has been already 

 given. 



C. Leucanthemum (the Oxe-eye Daisy) is sometimes 

 glabrous, sometimes downy ; C. Parthenium is pubescent. 



C. segetum (Corn Marigold). — The upper side of the 

 corolla lobes of both disk and ray flowers is covered 

 with microscopic papillae. The plant is glabrous. 



C. inodorum. — The receptacle gradually rises in the 

 middle, becoming convex or hemispherical, though not 

 so much so as in Matricaria. Kerner suggests that 

 the advantage of this is to bring the stigmas of the 

 outer florets into the fall line of the pollen of the 

 inner ones. This species, and still more the next, 

 closely resembles Anthemis Cotula. That species is 

 protected by a very bitter taste, and these two benefit 

 perhaps by resembling it so closely. The plant is 

 glabrous. 



