n COMPOSIT-^ — CAMPANULACE.E 253 



short down, and black glandular hairs. The leaves are 

 glabrous above, glaucous and pubescent below. The 

 stem is sometimes glabrous, sometimes slightly hairy. 



CiCHOBIUM 



0. Intybus (Chicory). — A stiff woody perennial, with 

 sessile, lateral, and .terminal, blue flower-heads. The 

 achenes are crowned with a ring of minute erect scales. 

 The stem is hispid, the leaves are more or less hairy, 

 especially above. According to Linnaeus, the flowers at 

 Upsala open at 5 and close at 10 ; at Innsbruck, accord- 

 ing to Kerner, they are open from 6-7 to 2-3. 



Arnoseris 



The achenes are crowned by a minute raised border. 



A. pusilla is found in dry pastures and flelds on the 

 east side of Britain. Watson regarded it as a colonist. 

 The plant is nearly or quite glabrous. 



Lampsana 



Achenes without any pappus or border. 



L. communis (Nipplewort). — The flower- heads are 

 small and inconspicuous. According to Kerner, they 

 are open from 6-7 to 10-11, but keep closed in bad 

 weather. According to Warnstorf, at New Ruppin 

 they are open from 6-7 to 3-4. The stem is nearly 

 glabrous, with a few stiff" hairs below. 



CAMPANULACE^ 



The Campanulacese ^ are protandrous, and secrete 

 honey. In many species ( Campanula glomerata, Tracli- 

 elium, rotundifolium, etc.) the flowers are hanging; in 

 others (C patula) they are upright by day, but pendent 

 at night and in wet weather ; while in a third series ( C. 



^ A good account of tlie family is given by Kirchner, Wurtenib. Naturwiss. 

 JahreshlfU, 1897. 



