II JUNCACE.E 427 



stance, in parts of Russia ^ — all, elsewhere some, flowers 

 are cleistogamous and have 3 stamens only. The 

 flowers open between 5 and 6 in the morning, and the 

 stigma is ripe about 2 hours before the stamens open. 

 Towards mid-day the flowers close. 



J. capitatus. — Annual. In this species the stamens 

 are generally reduced to 3. The flowers are sometimes 

 cleistogamous. 



J. castaneus. — The life of the flowers lasts 2-3 days ; 

 they do not open wide. 



J. compressus. — This species generally flowers in 

 pulses. The flowers only last one day. 



J. communis. — This species has two forms which are 

 often regarded as separate species — J. conglomeratus, 

 with flowers in close heads, and J. effusus, in which they 

 are much looser. But though the difi'erence is generally 

 well marked, every gradation may be found between 

 them. They generally flower in pulses, and are open 

 from about 7 to 3. The anthers open a few hours 

 after the stigmas are ripe. There are generally only 

 3 stamens. 



J. filiformis. — Flowers short - lived, protogynous. 

 Pulses not so marked as in the previous species. The 

 flower opens, and the stigma is ripe between 5 and 6 

 A.M. The anthers open later, and the flower closes 

 about mid-day. 



J. glaucus. — The flowering is like that of J. effusus, but 

 the flowers remain open longer, and there are generally 

 6 stamens. The pulse is very marked. Some flowers 

 are cleistogamous. 



J. maritimus. — The female condition lasts for a day ; 

 the whole flower-life being 36 hours. 



J. obtusiflorus. — Pulses well marked, with 3-4 days' 

 intervals, in which scarcely any, if any, flowers open. 

 The flower-life is only one day ; the female condition 

 lasting 2-4 hours. 



J. squarrosus. — The flowering pulses are well marked. 

 The flowers open early, by 8 a.m. the anthers are ripe, 



' Ascherson, Bot. Zeit. xxix. (1871) p. 551. 



