n GRAMINE^ 441 



Kornicke confirms this, but says that comparatively few 

 open in the morning. Hildebrand, on the contrary, 

 says that they open about mid-day. 



Cynodon 



0. Dactylon. — A widely distributed grass, forming 

 the chief pasture of many dry climates. It occurs on 

 sandy shores in the south-west of England. 



Nardus 



N. stricta. — A low -growing species with very slender, 

 rigid, erect stems, found on heaths and in dry pastures. 

 The flowers are protogynous. The spikelets open at 

 the apex for the protrusion of the stamens and single 

 stigma. 



Elymus (Lyme Grass) 



E. arenarius is found on sandy sea-shores ; its creep- 

 ing stems help to bind the sands. 



HoRDEUM (Barley) 



The spikelets are in threes : one or two either empty 

 or with a male or rudimentary flower ; the other two or 

 one, as the case may be, contain each a complete flower. 



H. vulgare. — The flowers open between 5 and 6 a.m., 

 and, according to Lindau, even at a temperature of 

 12|-° C. The flowers of the middle row, according to 

 Delpino, never open, but are cleistogamous. Those 

 of the four outer rows are homogamous. Godron, 

 however, found the flowers of all the rows open. The 

 awns attach themselves to animals and thus promote 

 the dissemination of the fruits. 



Triticum (Wheat) 



Flowers in a simple spike, the side of the spikelet being 

 next the axis. T. sativum (Wheat) is probably derived 

 from a species belonging to the subgenus iEgilops. 

 T. repens (Couch-grass) has a long creeping root-stock, 

 and is a troublesome weed in cultivated land. 



