■TW^ 



162 



IXVEIiTEIiHATE AMMAI.S. 



" luaxillaiy palpi " (mp). 4. A lower lip or " labium " (/a), which 

 also carries a pair of jointed tilanieiits, known as the " labial palpi " 

 dp). In the typical .suctorial mouth, as seen in the Butterflies and 

 Moths (tio. 10!), B), the following is the arrangement oi parts. The 

 upper li]) and mandibles are (piite rudimentary; the niaxillte (mj) 

 are greatly lengthened, and form a spiral tube fitted for sucking up 

 the juices of tlowerx ; and the labial [lalpi are much developed, and 

 form two hairy cushions, between whicli the trunk can be coiled uji 

 when not in use. In many insects (tig. 109, C) the organs of the 

 mouth are essentially adajited for suction, liut are ahso fitted for 

 iiiercing solid substances, such as the skin of animals or the stems 



/ , ^ 'I 



/a -I ) 



B 



;. ICO.-dryniis nf (lie ijnnilli .if Insects, eiila;-ge.l ; (A) nf a UrMe (i'<inilo,s): (D) nf 

 tin; Small Calilia-c Wliiti- UuttMlly (Ponlia riipa) : (C) of the Bed-lmg (Ci/nc.r kclu- 

 Idiiiis), tlie iiiandililrs and iiiaxilhe lieiiig displaci'il to uiie siile. I Labrum : i/t Mnti- 

 (liMe : inr Maxilla ; litj) ^laxillary ])aliiiis: hj Lal>uiiji ; Jp Laliial ]tali)tis ; to* Basi; 

 ..r.iiie .irtlie antenna'. (Fig, B. is sliglitly altered from Westwood.) 



of jihints. In these the lower lip forms a kind of sucking-tube or 

 sheath, within which are contained the niaxilUe and mandibles, 

 whicli are mollified so as to form ])iercing oigans or lancets. In 

 the contiiiou Bee the masticatory and suctoritil tyjies of mouth are 

 combined. The mandiljles or biting-jaws are retained, to enable 

 the honcycondj to be manufactureil, and there is also a tubular 

 trunk fitted for sucking up the juii-es of flowers. In the Butterflies, 

 too, in which the mouth of the adult is .strictly a(la[iteil for suction, 

 the caterjiillar is furnished with a ma.sticating mouth, so that it can 

 feed U]>oii leaycs, or other .solid sii)>stanc('s. 



The mouth in the ma.sticating insects (fig. 110, a) leads into a 

 iiMiiil.ianous and often foldeil cavity, termed the " crop " (/i), from 

 whi.li Llie food jjasses to a second muscidar cavity or "gizzard" {<•). 



