ORDERS OF MAMMALIA. 



337 



The abomasum terminates, of course, in the commencement of the 

 small intestine. 



The Ruminantia include a number of families of wliich it is only 

 possible to notice the leading characters. 



The family Camelidie C(jmprises the Camel and Dromedaiy of the 

 Old World and the Llanjas of the New, and is characterised by 

 liaving no horns, by having two incisors in the u]jper jaw, and a 

 j)air of canines in both jaws ; whilst the first jirseniolar tooth in 

 both jaws (or in the upper jaw only) is conical in shape, and is 

 placed at some distance in front of the other liack teeth (fig. 243). 

 The foot consists of only two toes, covei'ed with impei-fect nail-like 

 hoofs, and destitute of the two supplementary toes. The soles of 

 the feet are covered with a callous horny integument upon which 

 the animal walks. In the Camels the toss are conjoined below liy 

 a callous pad, and the back is furnished with one or two fleshy 



Fig. 243. — Side-view of sl^ull of Camdu_s Bi'rtrianus : i Upjier inci-scir ; c c Ciinines ; 

 pill Isolated prteuiolar. (After Giebel.) 



humps. The Arabian Camel or Dromedary has but one hump, and 

 its structure admirably adapts it for a beast of burden in the sandy 

 deserts of Arabia and Africa. One special provision toward this 

 end is the possession of large cells in the jjaunch, in which a great 

 quantity of water can be stored up, thus enabling the animal to 

 travel for days without drinking. The Bactrian Camel resembles 

 the Dromedary in most lespects, but it possesses two humps. The 

 place of the Camels of the Old World is tilled in South America 

 by the Llamas and Alpacas (Auchenia), which have se|iarate toes, 

 and have no hump. The Llama is e.xtensively used as a beast of 

 burden, but the Alpaca is chiefly of value for its long wool, whicli 

 is largely manufactured. 



The small family of the Tragididie includes the little deer-like 

 animals which are known as " Chevrotaius. These are very like the 

 true Musk-deer (which are now placed with the Cerindce), and have 



