3:'.s 



VEIiTEBUATE ANIMALS. 



no horns, while the canine teeth are developed in both jaws, and the 

 upper canines of the males are tn.sk-like. The Tnicjulidii' are found 

 in India, the Indian Archipelago, and Africa. 



The family Cenndce includes the true Deer and the Musk-deer, 

 and is characterised by the fact that the f(jreheail carries two solid 

 bony antlers, which are not hollow, and are usually much branched 

 (fig. 244). With the single exception of the Beindeer, these ajjpen- 

 dages are e.xclusively confined to the males, and are deciduous; 

 that is to say, they are only ]]roduced at certain seasons (annually, 

 at the breeding season), and they are shed and re]jroduced before 

 the commencement of the next breeding season. They increase in 

 size and in the number of branches every time they are reproduced 

 till in the old males they may attain an enormous si.ce. 



Fi'.,'. i44.— Siili Mcw (if tlie skill] it till Rni Imck (OijircoZns c^'?))'(''a). 

 ( Vltd (,i,l,il ) 



Among the moie familiar of the I)eei' m.ay be mentioned the Elk, 

 or Moo.se (J?c(S Aineriniivit;) of Scandinavia anil North America ; 

 the Reindeer and C'ariliou {('i'rni.i taraiidHs) of Northern Europe, 

 Asia, and North America ; the Red Deer {Cerms ehip/iii.^) of Europe ; 

 the Wapiti (f. Caiiadamis) of Canada ; and the Roebuck {Capreohts 

 caprcm) of Northern Europe. 



Of the Girartes or Ciiiiicloprirddlidii' there i.s only a .single living 

 form, exclusively confined to the African continent. Both sexes 

 have two ]iairs <jf .shorthorns, carried on the forehead; but these 

 are ]iersistcnt, and are covered with .a hairy skin. The neck is 

 extremely long, and the fore-legs much longer than the hind-legs. 

 It is the largest of living Ruminants, and measures as much as from 

 fifteen to eighteen feet in height. 



The Cavkoniia or HuUowlwnied Ruminants comprise the Oxen, 



