ORDERS OF MAMMALIA. 



343 



doubt, however, but that the Mammoth {Elephas pi-imigenius) ex- 

 isted in Europe within the human period. 



The Indian Elephant inhabits India and tlie Indian Archipelago, 

 and has five hoofs on the fore-feet, but only four on the hind-feet. 

 Like tlie Ceylon Elejjhaiit, which is a mere variet}', the males alone 

 possess well-developed tusks. The African Elephant has four hoofs 

 on the fore-feet, and only three on the hind-feet, while it is smaller 

 and darker in colour than the Indian spiecies. Both sexes also 

 possess tusks, though those of the males are largest. 



Besides many extinct forms of Elephants, there formerly existed 



Fig. 248. — Lower jaw of the Indi.an Elephant {EUplias Indlcus) viewed from above, 

 allowing the inolar teeth. Greatly rednced in size. 



Elephantine animals belonging to two allied genera — viz., Deiiio- 

 theriv.m and Mastodon. In the Ma,stodons the whole structure of 

 the animal was closely similar to that of the Elephants ; but the 

 molar teetli hail tubercular and not ridged crowns ; and there were 

 sometime two tusk-like lower incisors in addition to the regular 

 upper tusks. In Deinothi'mtm, on the other hand, there were no 

 tusks in the upper jaw; but tliere were two tusk-like incisors in the 

 lower jaw, the front of which was abruptly bent, so that the tusks 

 pointed vertically downwards. 



