10 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 



What are the advantages of high heating before 

 separation ? 



1. Undesirable taints are largely eliminated. 



2. Bacteria are killed in the skim milk and 

 cream. 



3. Less heating and cooling apparatus is neces- 

 sary. 



4. Closer skimming. 



5. Less labor and smaller cost of heating. 



How should milk be heated before separation? 



1. By some special heater that heats the milk 

 indirectly with steam or hot water. This is the 

 best method. 



2. By the use of a double-jacketed vat in which 

 hot water can be used. This is a common method, 

 but it has two serious objections : 



(i) Milk is kept warm too long before sep- 

 aration, favoring the rapid growth of bacteria. 



(2) If for any reason the separator or ma- 

 chinery should break down, the warm milk will 

 soon sour, especially during warm weather. 



Why is it not advisable to heat milk by direct 

 steam? 



1. Steam from impure water may introduce bad 

 flavors into the milk. 



2. It is too sudden. 



3. The butter may have a burnt or oily flavor. 



Why is fat separated from milk for churning? 



1. To reduce the bulk. 



2. To save fat. Fat is more easily removed by 

 separation than by churning. 



