CHAP. IV.] REPRODUCTION OF PLANTS. 131 



crudest attempts in the direction of mutualism as defined 

 above, and further, when careful examination of those 

 members that have reached the highest known stage of 

 perfection in this respect, reveals the presence of degene- 

 rate organs and- parts, clearly proving that such have 



Fig. 37. Daffodil {Narcissus pseudo-Narcissus). A regular or sym- 

 metrical ilower having three sepals forming the outer whorl or calyx ; 

 three petals forming the second whorl or corolla, within which is a 

 tubular-shaped additional attractive organ with a frilled margin, the 

 corona, this in turn incloses six stamens and a single style supporting 

 the stigma at its tip. (Natural size.) 



attained to their present perfection by a series of changes, 

 then the force of the modern idea of evolution, or 

 gradual change of the entire organism or portions 

 thereof to successfully surmount new obstacles or to 

 benefit more from the forces at command, becomes 

 apparent. 



