92 HOPS. 



being the same — should, be selected so that not more than 

 iour horses will be needed for each plough, and under these 

 conditions the top furrow being, say, 12 inches and the sub- 

 soil furrow 8 inches, two four-horse teams will cover | to | of 

 an acre per eight-hour day. The cost per acre then works 

 out at — 



12 days' labour of 1 horse at 

 6 ,, 1 man at- 



Total per acre 

 Or, including 2s. for wear and tear 



(6) If the second plough is replaced by a grubber which 

 merely loosens without turning the subsoil, the expense will 

 probably be smaller than for double ploughing. This is the 

 case when the subsoil is not stony or very compact, so that 

 the grubber can be drawn by two horses when set to a depth 

 of eight inches. In such event the work will only cost — 



(c) When the ground is turned over to a depth of 18 to 

 20 inches at one operation, by means of a strongly built six- 

 horse plough covering | to | of an acre per eight hours' day 

 and requiring the services of two drivers and one ploughman, 

 the cost per acre will be — 



9 to 12 days' work for 1 horse at Ss. = £2 5 to £3 

 4J to 6 „ 1 man at 2s. = 9 „ 12 



Wear and tear - 23. = 2 „ 2 



Total cost per acre £2 17 ,, £8 14 



In many cases highly satisfactory results are obtainable 

 by ploughing alone ; but in proportion as the soil increases 

 in heaviness and compactness so the plough becomes less 



