192 



HOPS. 



top, shade one another and produce a large number of 

 loose, " shaded " cones. That the poles, etc., in this 

 method are easily blown down is self-evident. 



The so-called " wire cross " (Fig. 48), patented a few 

 years ago by Hiittl.^ of Saaz, is really by no means new, 

 Fruwirth having reported the existence of similar arrange- 

 ments in American gardens at a much earlier date, and they 

 were also known around Schwetzingen in the eighteenth 

 century. This cross recalls the old pyramidal system, in 



Fig. 48. — Wire cross system of training. 



which a central pillar was provided at the apex with a 

 ring carrying a number of hooks or eyes and serving to 

 train sometimes as many as a dozen bines. Owing, how- 

 ever, to its insecurity in rough weather, and the mutual 

 shading of the plants, the pyramid system never came 

 into extensive use. 



' Wiener landw. Zeitung, 1894. 



