204 , HOPS. 



pi'Operly, constructed, the balance of superiority is in favour 

 of franies, and their employment in preference to pole^ can 

 therefore be warmly recommended. ' 



■ A good frame should fulfil the following conditions : — 



1. Cheapness, simplicity, solidity, and power of withstand- 

 ing rough weather. 



2. Pillars and training wires must be so arranged as to 

 offer no hindrance to team-work between the rows. 



3. An arrangement must be provided to enable the crop 

 to be easily picked without having first to cut the bine, 



' To explain the various terms, such as head wires, training 

 wires, etc., used in the foregoing description, a diagrammatic 

 illustration of part of a framed garden is given in Fig. 49, 

 wtere — 



S = the pillars or posts, usually of wood and more rarely 

 of iron ; in the latter event they are set in a brickwork 

 foundation. In the newer frame systems the posts are 

 mounted on the slope, as at S^ so as to equally divide the 

 angle between the straining wires (E) and the head wire 

 continuation (L) of same. 



L = the head or longitudinal wires, running either 

 directly over the rows of stocks or else parallel thereto. 

 Such of these wires as pass over the head of the posts, or 

 through hooks at the top, and serve to fix the frame at the 

 ends, are known as straining wires (E) ; and these, as well 

 as the other head wires shown, either traverse the whole 

 length of the rows in a single piece, or consist of a number 

 of lengths, each equal to the distance between two stocks. 

 At the junction of each pair of lengths is an eyelet 0, serv- 

 ing for the attachment of the training vyires. Owing to the 

 considerable weight of bine and supports to be borne, the 

 head wires have to be of strong wire, about A to ^ inch being 

 the, usual thickness. In the Schwend " storm-proof " system 

 the single wires are replaced by four- to'seven-strand wire ropes. 



