BIRDS. 177 



A single specimen of this bird is recorded from Fort Eupert, Vancouver Island, June 1, 1862, 

 but this reference undoubtedly belongs to Uttoralis. Mr. Kidgway is inclined to consider this bird 

 a well-defined species, and to separate it from the form to which it has been referred, claiming 

 that the two do not intergade, as has been supposed. This supposition may be true, but it is difli- 

 cult to definitely settle the matter until more is known of the geographical range of the two. L. 

 arctoa has been ascribed to the Aleutian Islands, but apparently upon insufiicient evidence, 

 although Bonaparte and Schlegel, in their work {loc. cit), state that they have seen specimens of 

 this bird which were killed upon the islands. It was recorded by Steller as one of the birds he 

 found upon Bering Island, and it is well known from the Kurile Islands and the coast of Kam- 

 chatka. 



On the Commander Islands Stejneger found griseonucha resident, and most numerous ou Copper 

 Island, where they frequented the rugged coast-line. This observer notes them as a shore-loving 

 species during the breeding season, but when the young are able to follow the parents lead them 

 inland along the streams in search of insects. He shot full-fledged young on July 7, and adds 

 that many pairs raise two broods in a season. 



It winters in Southeasteru Siberia, frequenting the vicinity of villages, and becomes very 

 familiar, approaching the houses for its food. A young griseonucha, about two- thirds grown, obtained 

 on Saint George Island, on July 12, by Elliott, has the entire body fuscous-browu or umber-brown. 

 A dingy rusty wash on back and breast. The head may be called a dark umber with a grayish 

 wash. The outer edges of secondaries and wing-coverts pale rose. Tertials edged with rusty. 

 Wing and tail feathers dark brown-edged with a narrow pale border. The basil half of feathers ou 

 body dull, pale plumbeous, which shows through on the abdomen, and less distinctly on other 

 parts of the body, giving a peculiar shade to the general tint. A full-grown bird of this species, 

 in this plumage, is figured with an adult in Bonaparte and Schlegel. (Loc. cit.) 



Toward the close of the last century, Sauer, a member of Billings's Expedition, writes that the 

 Unalaskan Aleuts prized this bird for its feathers, which they used for ornamental purposes ou 

 their clothing. 



Leucosticte tepheocotis LiTTOEALis (Baird). Hepburn's Leucosticte. 



The types of this form came from Sitka, where they were obtained during the explorations of 

 the Eussian-American Telegraph Expedition, and the original description is contained in a com- 

 munication by Professor Baird in the Transactions of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, p. 318. 

 Since 'then specimens have been obtained from Sitka, Kadiak, British Columbia, Wyoming, and 

 various portions of the central Eocky Mountain region, as far south as Colorado. We learn from 

 Mr. Eidgway, in his monograph of this genus,* that Uttoralis occurs in winter with tephrocotis 

 throughout the latter's southward range, the abundance of the former increasing to the westward. 

 " We have seen it in the winter plumage from Kadiak and Sitka of the Alaskan coast, from Fort 

 Simpson, British Columbia, Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado, while it is known to extend in very 

 severe winters as far southward as the parallel of 39° in the Sierra Nevada and contiguous ranges 

 to the eastward. On the Cascade Mountains J. K. Lord found them in October." 



In summer plumage this race has been obtained only in Colorado, where Mr. Aiken shot 

 it from flocks of tephrocotis as they were passing to the northward in the spring. Prom the fact 

 that it has been found during winter in the northwest, from the island of Kadiak southward, it is 

 exceedingly probable that the breeding ground of this race is the coast system of mountain ranges 

 of Southeastern Alaska and British Columbia, possibly extending southward to the alpine sum- 

 mits of the Cascades of Washington Territory and Oregon. Mr. Eidgway further states that a 

 series of eleven winter specimens in the National Museum collection, representing the ^'^ campesiris" 

 style, forms a connection between Uttoralis and tephrocotis. On Kadiak Island Uttoralis and 

 griseonucha occur in company, and it„is possible that further study, in this and the adjoining region, 

 may show that the two forms intergrade. For a most complete and satisfactory treatment of 

 this genus those interested are referred to Mr. Eidgway's monograph, previously cited. The 

 Kadiak specimens, obtained in February, are indistinguishable in general coloration from the 



» Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv,, I, No. 2, second series, 1875, p. 6^. 

 S. Mis. 156 23 



