FISHES. 317 



32861. (61.) Andraevsky, March, 1878. 

 Young Nelma. — Entire under surface and sides silvery wliite above the lateral line, changing to 

 steel blue. The dorsal line olive, also the top of head the same. Tail, dorsal, and adipose dorsal 

 olive ; the other fins colorless. 



32924. (116.) Andraevsky, winter of 1877-'78. 



WMtefish (Nelma of the Russian traders). — Specimens of this fine Whitefish were seen from 

 various points along the Yukon, also on the Kuskoquim and from Kotzebue Sound. They are 

 taken abundantly in the brackish water at the mouth of the Yukon at certain seasons and often 

 in tide creeks about Saint Michaels. In spring about the time the ice is running down the Yukon 

 this fish runs for a few days up all of the tributary streams that communicate with small lakes, 

 where the Nelma passes the summer. In autumn about the time the Yukon freezes over they run 

 back again and are caught abundantly for a few weeks in fyke-traps up as high as Anvik at least. 

 They reach a large size, frequently weighing from 35 to 40 pounds. These fish are taken with hook 

 as well as in traps and nets. 



42. Salvblinxjs malma (Walb.). Salmon Tvont l-ka-thlulc-ptlc). 



32895. (12e.) Golsova Eiver, October 25, 1878. 

 S Salmon Trout, from Golsova Eiver, October 25, 1878. 



The interior of the mouth is black; but when fully opened, exposing the partially concealed 

 membranes at the angles, under the tongue and the branchiostegals, these surfaces appear white. 



32910. (127.) Golsova Eiver, October 25, 1878. 



Is a 2 of the same species, but the colors have faded on the spots, &c. The spots were white 

 two days after her capture and the body uniform steel-blue, with a rosy tint on flanks and pale 

 yellowish white on ventral surface. The head is colored like the body, with an olive shading on 

 the upper surface. Pectorals fleshy brown. Ventrals pinkish white, bordered on outer extremity. 

 Anal like ventrals. Dorsal, adipose dorsal, and tail bluish-olive. Eye golden-yellow. 



32911, 32J12. (128, 129.) Golsova River, October 25, 1873. 



Appear to be exactly like 127, except being a trifle smaller and, as usual in the Sahnonidce, 

 slenderer, aud with more obtuse nose in consequence. Traces of piok and ro.se show along the 

 sides of abdomen aud faint pink is visible on most of the lateral spots. 



The lateral line extends in a straight line the entire length on both specimens. 



The first of June, 1877, Salmon Trout were rather numerous about the mou ths of streams 

 flowing into the bay at Unalaska, and young ones from 2 to 3 inches long were numerous in the 

 creeks. Salmon Trout run in the Yukon and other streams with the salmon in June and July, 

 but are most numerous in fall just before and after the streams freeze over. Few are taken later 

 than November and from then until the ice leaves in spring. They are abundant and widely 

 distributed. They are taken, like the salmon, in nets or traps. During August, 1881, we found 

 the natives taking them in gill-nets along the north coast of Siberia. The last of September, 1881, 

 we caught a number of trout in the streams flowing into the bays about Unalaska. Only small 

 examples could be taken with a hook baited with salmon-eggs, but specimens weighing as much as 

 a pound or more were readily secured with a brown hackle. They are game and offer good sport 

 on favorable days. 



43. Oncorhynchus ohouicha, (Walb.). King Salmon, Chowichee Salmon {Tdgu- 

 shuTi-iohuk). (Plate XXI). 



32846. (15.) Saint Michaels, July 20, 1877. 



King Salmon {Ghowecha, Eussian; TageshaMpitlc, Esk.).— Length, 38 inches; depth, 8J. 



Color, bright silvery on sides and below, becoming nearly white on abdomen. The back and top 



of head a clear olive greenish. This species is taken along the shore of Norton Sound immediately 



after the ice disappears in spring, my earliest date being June 6, 1877. On the Lower Yukon, up, 



