FISHES. 319 



jaw in line with the pectorals. Under surface of head pale bluish, finely speckled with darker. 

 The entire lower jaw, inside and out, a livid bluish, as well as the upper surface of the tongue and 

 anterior inner margin of the upper jaw. Tail, anal, and dorsals a dull purplish tinge. Ventrals 

 slightly purplish and finely dotted or specked. Pectorals dark olive, purple-tinted between the 

 rays. 



32848. (18.) Norton SoiiDcl, July 20, 1677. 



Silver Salmon, female. — Entire body bright metallic silvery, back tinged with a clear olive-green, 

 becoming darker on head and dorsal line. A baud occupying the ventral surface of body from 

 outer border of pectorals and ventrals a satiny white with a metallic luster. Interior of under 

 jaw bluish-green, also top of tongue. Sides of head silvery, with greenish tinge. Fins and tai] 

 with numerous minute dots, which make the color of the upper fins dark olive. The lower fins are 

 a clear semi-transparent light olive, fading to translucent white on the inner portion. 



This is the least common of the Salmon taken on the coast of Norton Sound, and is next in 

 quality to the King Salmon. It is taken in gill-nets irregularly through the season with the other 

 small Salmon. It is a more abundant species in the Lower Yukon, where the main run occurs 

 about the middle of August and usually lasts for a week or ten days, although in some seasons the 

 run only lasts two or three days. 



Some of these fish are little inferior in quality to the King Salmon. 



Above Mission, on the Yukon, all kinds of Salmon are commonly caught in a large dip-net, 

 which is held under water while the fisherman drifts down-stream in a canoe until he feels a fish 

 in the net. 



46. Oncoehynchtts kistjtch (Walb.). 



29893. (2rf6.) Female. Saint Micliaels, September 8, 1880. 

 Eun of this fish from September 1. Clear olive-green above, silvery white below. Pins all 

 more or less dusky ; inside of mouth livid dark green. 



? 32824. (38; 39.) Saint Micliaels, August 20, 1877. 

 HumpbacJc Salmon, Dog Salmon; (Esk. Chy-u-yah). 



38. Female. Length, 29 inches ; depth, 7^ ; width, 3J. 



39. Length, 28^ inches; depth, &i width, 3. 



Colors rather dark above the sides aud abdomen, tinted with a light fleshy purple approaching 

 pinkish red ; otherwise as in the following description of a specimen not preserved : 



Ventral surface silvery white, fading on sides into a slightly darker shade of the same. From 

 above a light purplish red tint is seen on sides aud from below it appears of a faint coppery luster. 

 Median dorsal line olive, this shading down in some specimens nearly to lateral line, and with a de- 

 cided greenish tint. Sides of head silvery, finely dusted with minute plumbeous dots. Olive above 

 and white below. 



Pectorals white at base below and dark at tips, the posterior surface of the same uearly 

 black. Ventrals white, with faint fleshy tints below, dark above. Anal light at base fading into 

 fleshy then into dark, which occupies most of the outer half. Tail dark brownish-olive. Dorsal 

 peduncle bluish-black, lighter at front of base. Dorsal a trifle lighter than tail. Iris pale yellow. 



? 32825. (42.) Saint Michaels, August 21, 1877. 

 Female. Large Silver-mouth (Esk. JV-M).— Length, 29; depth, 7^; width, 3. Fins as in 

 Nos. 40 and 41. Head same as last, but brighter green on top. Back olive with violet .green re- 

 flections, which become silvery or steel blue when viewed at different angles from below. When 

 silvery a faint coppery tint is noticeable. Below the lateral line only silvery ; a slightly darker 

 shade near lateral line is observed. Ventral surface white. 



? 32829. (41.) Saint Michaels, August 20, 1877. 

 No. 40. Female. Length, 25^. 

 No. 41. Length, 25. 

 Fins exactly as in the preceding (39), except, perhaps, a trifle lighter. Below pure silvery 

 white, extending on sides to lateral line, but here underlaid by a slight plumbeous tint, becoming 



