142 MICEOBES, FEEMENTS, AND MOULDS. 



sions composed of moat competent men, have clearly- 

 shown the virtue of the protective action. In the 

 summer of 1881, the initiation was taken by the 

 Melun Society of Agriculture. Twenty-five sheep and 

 eight cows or oxen were vaccinated at Pouilly-le-Fort, 

 and then re-inoculated with blood from animals which 

 had recently died of anthrax, together with twenty- 

 five sheep and five cows which had not been previously 

 vaccinated. None of the vaccinated animals sufiered 

 while the twenty-five test sheep died within forty- 

 ei^t hours, and the five cows were so iU that the 

 veterinary surgeons despaired of them for several 

 days. 



This experiment was publicly repeated in Sep- 

 tember, 1881, by ThuOlier, Pasteur's fellow-worker, 

 whose death we have recently had to deplore, before the 

 representatives of the Austro -Hungarian Government ; 

 and again near Berlin, in 1882, before the representa- 

 tives of the German Government, and always with 

 the same success. Up to April, 1882, more than 

 130,000 sheep and 2000 oxen or cows had been vac- 

 cinated ; and since that time the demand for vaccine 

 from Pasteur's laboratory has reached him from every 

 quarter. 



III. Fowl Cholera. 



The sickness of barn-door poultry, which is com- 

 monly called cholera, is caused by the presence in the 



