196 MICROBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. 



In 1849, the cholera pursued the same route. 

 Coming overland from India through Russia, it 

 appeared in Paris on March 17, and lasted until 

 October. 



In 1853, cholera, again coming by this route, was 

 less fatal in Paris, although it lasted for a longer time 

 — from November, 1853, to December, 1854. 



The three last epidemics, 1865, 1873, and 1884, 

 diifer from the foregoing in not havLag taken the 

 continental route; they came by the Mediterranean 

 Sea. Brought from India to Egypt by the Mecca 

 pilgrims, the epidemic of 1865 entered France by way 

 of Marseilles, ravaged Provence during the summer 

 of 1865, and was carried to Paris towards the end of 

 September by a woman who came from Marseilles. 

 It was less fatal than the preceding epidemics, and 

 so also was that of 1873. 



The epidemic of 1884 took the same route. First 

 localized in Alexandria (1883), it attacked Naples, 

 Marseilles, and Toulon in the summer of 1884, and 

 overran all Provence; thence it was transferred to 

 Nantes, to several towns in the north-west of France, 

 and to Paris, where it was comparatively mild. Finally, 

 it entered Spain at Barcelona towards the end of the 

 year, and ravaged the whole peninsula through the 

 fiummer of 1885. In August, it also reappeared in 

 Marseilles and Toulon, and this could not be ascribed 

 to a fresh importation from Spain or the East. 



The essentially epidemic, and contagious progress 



