INDEX. 205 



Starch, Formation of, in ohloroplasts, 17, 18, 160, 162 ; in plastids, 21, 

 160, 163 ; Storage of, 17, 18, 160, 165, 177 ; Conversion of, into sugar, 

 44, 171, 176, 177 ; Structure of grains of, 162 ; Reactions for, 17, 

 162 ; Hilum of graia of, 162. 



Starch-sheath, 48, 76 ; see also Evdodermis. 



Steins, Structure of, in Dicotyledons and Gymnosperms, 4, 48, et seq. , in 

 Monocotyledons, .52 ; Anomalous structure in, 53 ; Climbing of, ISo . 



Stimuli, Mechanical effect of, upon protoplasm, 185 ; light, 181 ; chemical, 

 186 ; gravity, 184 ; water, 186 ; Conduction of, in Drosera hairs, 186. 



Stomata, of Iris, 27 ; of Sedum, 27 ; of Pinus, 27, 29 ; Origin of. in Prunus, 

 29, 31 ; Function of, 28, et seq., 174. 



Suberin, in cork-cells, 39. 



Sugar, Formation of, in plant-cells, 37, 160, 165 : as a circulating food, 

 170, 177 ; Forms of, met with, 165, 171. 



Sulphur, as constituent of protoplasm, 7 ; assimilated by Beggiatoa, 158 ; 

 essential to growth of plants, 157. 



Sulphuric acid, as reagent for protoplasm, 17 : Presence of, in sap as sul- 

 phates, 171. 



Suspensor-cells, 137. 



Swarmspore, of Vaucheria, 95 ; of SphsereUa, 97. 



Symbiotic community, 88. 



Synclinal walls, 43. 



Syuergidae, 125 ; see also Homology, 154, and Table. 



Synthesis, of carbohydrates, l(i4, 165, 177 ; of amido-acids, 170 ; of amido- 

 acids, 8-compound, and a carbohydrate to form proteid, 159, 170, 177. 



Tagmata, 45. 



Tangential walls, 46 ; secretions, 74. 



Tannin-cells, 86. 



Tapetum, 119, 123, 131, 132. 



Telophase, see Mitosis. 



Temperature, Range of, for vitality of cytoplasm, 12 ; Rise of, during 



germination, 160, 161, 187. 

 Tendrils, Climbing of, 185. 

 ThaUophyta, Position of, 6 ; Cells of, 4, 88, et seq.; Reproduction in, 146, 



et seq. 

 Timiriazeff, Experiment of, in connection with influence of red rajs upon 



starch-formation, 182. 

 Torus, in bordered-pits, 68 ; Function of, 68. 

 Tracheides, 65, 66, 69 ; Function of, 71, 175 ; of Pinus, 66, 68. 

 Transfusion-ceUs, 62, 63. 



Translocation, of food in plants, 62, 176, 177 ; by phloem, 62, 176, 177. 

 Transpiration, current, 28, 71, 174, 177 ; from leaf, 28, 174 ; Influence of 



Ught upon, 175 ; Energy required for, 174. 

 Tropaeolum, Chromoplasts of, 167. 

 Tunioata, Cellulose in, 98. 



Turgidity, Factors determining, 12 (see Erraium, p. viii), 17, 172, 173, 

 90 ; Influence of, upon growth, 12, 173, 190. 



